Biomaterial Database

Nuclear inositides: facts and perspectives. 2004

Alberto M Martelli, and Lucia Manzoli, and Lucio Cocco

Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.

Strong evidence has been accumulating over the last 15 years suggesting that phosphoinositides, which are involved in the regulation of a large variety of cellular processes in the cytoplasm and in the plasma membrane, are present within the nucleus. Several advances have resulted in the discovery that nuclear phosphoinositides are involved in cell growth and differentiation. Remarkably, the nuclear inositide metabolism is regulated independently from that present elsewhere in the cell. Although nuclear inositol lipids generate second messengers such as diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, it is becoming increasingly clear that in the nucleus polyphosphoinositides may act by themselves to influence pre-mRNA splicing and chromatin structure. This review aims at highlighting the most significant and updated findings about inositol lipid metabolism in the nucleus.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007527	Isoenzymes	Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.	Alloenzyme,Allozyme,Isoenzyme,Isozyme,Isozymes,Alloenzymes,Allozymes
D010716	Phosphatidylinositols	Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.	Inositide Phospholipid,Inositol Phosphoglyceride,Inositol Phosphoglycerides,Inositol Phospholipid,Phosphoinositide,Phosphoinositides,PtdIns,Inositide Phospholipids,Inositol Phospholipids,Phosphatidyl Inositol,Phosphatidylinositol,Inositol, Phosphatidyl,Phosphoglyceride, Inositol,Phosphoglycerides, Inositol,Phospholipid, Inositide,Phospholipid, Inositol,Phospholipids, Inositide,Phospholipids, Inositol
D010738	Type C Phospholipases	A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.	Lecithinase C,Phospholipase C,Phospholipases, Type C,Phospholipases C
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D002455	Cell Division	The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.	M Phase,Cell Division Phase,Cell Divisions,Division Phase, Cell,Division, Cell,Divisions, Cell,M Phases,Phase, Cell Division,Phase, M,Phases, M
D002467	Cell Nucleus	Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Cell Nuclei,Nuclei, Cell,Nucleus, Cell
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015544	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	1,4,5-InsP3,Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate,Myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate,1,4,5-IP3,Myoinositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate
D054799	Phospholipase C beta	A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by its association with HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS. It is structurally related to PHOSPHOLIPASE C DELTA with the addition of C-terminal extension of 400 residues.	PLC beta,PLC beta1,PLC beta2,PLC beta3,PLC beta4,Phospholipase C beta1,Phospholipase C beta2,Phospholipase C beta3,Phospholipase C beta4,Phospholipase C-beta,Phospholipase C-beta1,Phospholipase C-beta2,Phospholipase C-beta3,Phospholipase C-beta4
D019869	Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases	Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.	PI-3 Kinase,Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase,PtdIns 3-Kinase,PI 3-Kinase,PI-3K,PI3 Kinases,PI3-Kinase,Phosphoinositide 3 Kinases,Phosphoinositide 3-Hydroxykinase,PtdIns 3-Kinases,3-Hydroxykinase, Phosphoinositide,Kinase, PI-3,Kinase, Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH,Kinases, PI3,Kinases, Phosphoinositide 3,PI 3 Kinase,PI3 Kinase,Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinases,Phosphatidylinositol 3 OH Kinase,Phosphoinositide 3 Hydroxykinase,PtdIns 3 Kinase,PtdIns 3 Kinases