Praxic skills in down and mentally retarded adults: evidence for multiple action routes. 2004

Stefania Zoia, and Giovanna Pelamatti, and Raffaella I Rumiati
Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, c/o Unità Operativa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Burlo Garofolo via Dell'Istria, 65/ 1-34137 Trieste, Italy. zoia@burlo.trieste.it

Functional relationships between praxic performance and visual recognition ability of mentally retarded adults are discussed, in an attempt to integrate findings from developmental disorders of action with those described in the adult literature. Three groups of participants took part in the study: adults with Down's syndrome (D), Mentally Retarded adults (MR), and mental age-matched controls (C). Three experiments were conducted. A gesture production task (Experiment 1) aimed to test ability to demonstrate the object use under three different experimental conditions: first, participants could only see the objects; second, they were allowed to see as well as to touch the objects; and third, participants were presented with the object names. An object decision task (Experiment 2) assessed the participants' ability to access structural descriptions of objects from vision. An imitation task (Experiment 3) was administered in order to test for the presence of Ideomotor Apraxia. Our results suggest that the two pathological samples may use different processing routes to action.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008607 Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) Disability, Intellectual,Idiocy,Mental Retardation,Retardation, Mental,Deficiency, Mental,Intellectual Development Disorder,Mental Deficiency,Mental Retardation, Psychosocial,Deficiencies, Mental,Development Disorder, Intellectual,Development Disorders, Intellectual,Disabilities, Intellectual,Disorder, Intellectual Development,Disorders, Intellectual Development,Intellectual Development Disorders,Intellectual Disabilities,Mental Deficiencies,Mental Retardations, Psychosocial,Psychosocial Mental Retardation,Psychosocial Mental Retardations,Retardation, Psychosocial Mental,Retardations, Psychosocial Mental
D004314 Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra CHROMOSOME 21 or an effective TRISOMY for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include HYPOTONIA, short stature, BRACHYCEPHALY, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, single transverse palmar crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) Mongolism,Trisomy 21,47,XX,+21,47,XY,+21,Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21,Down's Syndrome,Partial Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome,Trisomy 21, Meiotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy 21, Mitotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy G,Downs Syndrome,Syndrome, Down,Syndrome, Down's
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D014796 Visual Perception The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience. Visual Processing,Perception, Visual,Processing, Visual
D020240 Apraxia, Ideomotor A form of apraxia characterized by an acquired inability to carry out a complex motor activity despite the ability to mentally formulate the action. This condition has been attributed to a disruption of connections between the dominant parietal cortex and supplementary and premotor cortical regions in both hemispheres. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p57) Dyspraxia, Ideomotor,Ideomotor Apraxia,Apraxia, Ideokinetic,Apraxia, Limb Kinetic,Apraxia, Transcortical,Classic Apraxia,Apraxia, Classic,Apraxias, Classic,Apraxias, Ideokinetic,Apraxias, Ideomotor,Apraxias, Limb Kinetic,Apraxias, Transcortical,Classic Apraxias,Dyspraxias, Ideomotor,Ideokinetic Apraxia,Ideokinetic Apraxias,Ideomotor Apraxias,Ideomotor Dyspraxia,Ideomotor Dyspraxias,Kinetic Apraxia, Limb,Kinetic Apraxias, Limb,Limb Kinetic Apraxia,Limb Kinetic Apraxias,Transcortical Apraxia,Transcortical Apraxias
D021641 Recognition, Psychology The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered. Familiarity,Psychological Recognition,Recognition (Psychology),Psychology Recognition,Recognition, Psychological

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