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Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel arylpiperazines as potent and selective agonists of the melanocortin subtype-4 receptor. 2004
Timothy I Richardson, and
Paul L Ornstein, and
Karin Briner, and
Matthew J Fisher, and
Ryan T Backer, and
C Kelly Biggers, and
Michael P Clay, and
Paul J Emmerson, and
Larry W Hertel, and
Hansen M Hsiung, and
Saba Husain, and
Steven D Kahl, and
Jonathan A Lee, and
Terry D Lindstrom, and
Michael J Martinelli, and
John P Mayer, and
Jeffery T Mullaney, and
Thomas P O'Brien, and
Joseph M Pawlak, and
Kevin D Revell, and
Jikesh Shah, and
John M Zgombick, and
R Jason Herr, and
Alex Melekhov, and
Peter B Sampson, and
Chi-Hsin R King
Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. timrich@lilly.com
The melanocortin receptors have been implicated as potential targets for a number of important therapeutic indications, including inflammation, sexual dysfunction, and obesity. We identified compound 1, an arylpiperazine attached to the dipeptide H-d-Tic-d-p-Cl-Phe-OH, as a novel melanocortin subtype-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist through iterative directed screening of nonpeptidyl G-protein-coupled receptor biased libraries. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated that substitutions at the ortho position of the aryl ring improved binding and functional potency. For example, the o-isopropyl-substituted compound 29 (K(i) = 720 nM) possessed 9-fold better binding affinity compared to the unsubstituted aryl ring (K(i) = 6600 nM). Sulfonamide 39 (K(i) = 220 nM) fills this space with a polar substituent, resulting in a further 2-fold improvement in binding affinity. The most potent compounds such as the diethylamine 44 (K(i) = 60 nM) contain a basic group at this position. Basic heterocycles such as the imidazole 50 (K(i) = 110 nM) were similarly effective. We also demonstrated good oral bioavailability for sulfonamide 39.
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