Biomaterial Database

Cardioplegic solutions for myocardial preservation: analysis of hypothermic arrest, potassium arrest, and procaine arrest. 1978

B J Harlan, and D Ross, and Q Macmanus, and R Knight, and J Luber, and A Starr

Division of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Veterans Administration Hospital, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.

Separate effects of perfusion hypothermia, potassium arrest, and procaine arrest were studied in 150 hearts using the isolated rat heart preparation. Aortic flow rate (AFR), coronary flow rate (CFR), and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after ischemic periods of 90 to 300 min. Prior to the ischemic period, the aortic root was infused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB), buffer with 30 mEq KCl/L (KHB + K), or buffer with 0.2% procaine (KHB + P), at 15 degrees or 5 degrees C. During the ischemic period the hearts were maintained at 15 degrees or 5 degrees C in a hypothermic chamber. The three solutions had similar recoveries of AFR at 15 degrees and 5 degrees C following ischemic periods of 90, 180, and 240 min. The KHB + K and KHB + P had better recoveries of AFR than KHB at 5 degrees C and 300 min of ischemia. The KHB + K and KHB + P also caused more rapid arrest and a higher incidence of spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm. Arrest at 5 degrees C was equal to or superior to arrest at 15 degrees C. Perfusion hypothermia is the main component of cold cardioplegia. The addition of procaine or potassium results in increased functional recovery at extended ischemic times at 5 degrees C, more rapid arrest, and better electrical recovery.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007036	Hypothermia, Induced	Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.	Induced Hypothermia,Mild Hypothermia, Induced,Moderate Hypothermia, Induced,Targeted Temperature Management,Therapeutic Hypothermia,Hypothermia, Therapeutic,Induced Mild Hypothermia,Induced Mild Hypothermias,Induced Moderate Hypothermia,Induced Moderate Hypothermias,Mild Hypothermias, Induced,Moderate Hypothermias, Induced,Targeted Temperature Managements
D008297	Male		Males
D011188	Potassium	An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
D011343	Procaine	A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).	Anuject,Geriocaine,Gerokit,Hewedolor-Procain,Lophakomp-Procain N,Novocain,Novocaine,Procain Braun,Procain Jenapharm,Procain Rödler,Procain Steigerwald,Procain curasan,Procaina Serra,Procaine Hydrochloride,Pröcaine chlorhydrate Lavoisier,Röwo Procain,procain-loges,Hydrochloride, Procaine
D002314	Cardioplegic Solutions	Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.	Cardioplegic Solution,Solution, Cardioplegic,Solutions, Cardioplegic
D003326	Coronary Circulation	The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.	Circulation, Coronary
D006321	Heart	The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.	Hearts
D006324	Heart Arrest, Induced	A procedure to stop the contraction of MYOCARDIUM during HEART SURGERY. It is usually achieved with the use of chemicals (CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS) or cold temperature (such as chilled perfusate).	Cardiac Arrest, Induced,Cardioplegia,Induced Cardiac Arrest,Induced Heart Arrest,Cardioplegias
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013696	Temperature	The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.	Temperatures