We compared the results of the educational policies of public versus private medical schools and traditional versus module-based medical programs. The comparison centers on the political value of equality. The hypotheses are the following: a) Public and module-based schools offer more equality of opportunities for enrollment, permanence and graduation of students than private and traditional schools; b) medical schools maintain their educational policies over time. The value of equality was operationalized with the Equality Index (EI). To test the proposed hypotheses we used Wilcoxon's rank sum test and Mann-Whitney "U" test. We studied an intentional sample of 21 medical school in Mexico. The median of the EI for public schools between 1980 to 1989 was 4; 2 for private schools, 2 for traditional schools, and 3 for module-based schools. The only significant difference found was that between public and private schools (p < 0.05). We conclude that in public schools there is more equality of opportunities than in private ones. The results are consistent during the decade of the 80's.