Genetics of essential hypertension. 2004

Charles A Mein, and Mark J Caulfield, and Richard J Dobson, and Patricia B Munroe
Clinical Pharmacology and the Genome Centre, The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.

Essential hypertension affects 1 billion people worldwide and its genetic basis is well established. For this review we surveyed the literature on the genetics of hypertension during the past 18 months and we now report the highlights. There has been publication of the two largest genome scans for blood pressure and new loci including significant linkage to chromosome 6q have been reported. The molecular basis of Gordon's syndrome has been partially unravelled with a dual function for WNK4 in ion transport regulation being discovered. There has also been progress in narrowing rodent quantitative trait loci using congenic approaches and several linkage peaks have now been demonstrated to have more than one loci. We also report some of the initial findings from pharmacogenetic studies.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006973 Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D010597 Pharmacogenetics A branch of genetics which deals with the genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism (BIOTRANSFORMATION). Pharmacogenomics
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D005820 Genetic Testing Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing. Genetic Predisposition Testing,Genetic Screening,Predictive Genetic Testing,Predictive Testing, Genetic,Testing, Genetic Predisposition,Genetic Predictive Testing,Genetic Screenings,Genetic Testing, Predictive,Predisposition Testing, Genetic,Screening, Genetic,Screenings, Genetic,Testing, Genetic,Testing, Genetic Predictive,Testing, Predictive Genetic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000076204 WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1 A serine-threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival, and proliferation. It functions as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride co-transporters and as an inhibitor of potassium-coupled chloride co-transporters. Mutations in the WNK1 gene are associated with type 2C PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM and type 2A HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES. WNK Lysine Deficient Protein Kinase 1
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012377 Rodentia A mammalian order which consists of 29 families and many genera. Beavers,Capybaras,Castor Beaver,Dipodidae,Hydrochaeris,Jerboas,Rodents,Beaver,Capybara,Hydrochaeri,Jerboa,Rodent,Rodentias
D013577 Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. Symptom Cluster,Cluster, Symptom,Clusters, Symptom,Symptom Clusters,Syndromes
D015778 Minor Histocompatibility Antigens Allelic alloantigens often responsible for weak graft rejection in cases when (major) histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. In the mouse they are coded by more than 500 genes at up to 30 minor histocompatibility loci. The most well-known minor histocompatibility antigen in mammals is the H-Y antigen. Histocompatibility Antigens, Minor,Minor Histocompatibility Antigen,Minor Histocompatibility Peptide,Minor Histocompatibility Peptides,Antigen, Minor Histocompatibility,Histocompatibility Antigen, Minor,Histocompatibility Peptide, Minor,Histocompatibility Peptides, Minor,Peptide, Minor Histocompatibility

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