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Extent of reduction of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA load in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid after peak levels may be a critical determinant of virus persistence in infected cattle. 2004

Zhidong Zhang, and Ciara Murphy, and Melvyn Quan, and Jeanette Knight, and Soren Alexandersen
Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.

To investigate whether foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA loads in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid (OP-fluid) in the early course of infection is related to the outcome of virus persistence, viral RNA in OP-fluid samples from cattle experimentally infected with FMDV type O was quantitatively analysed by using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Viral RNA was detected within 24 h post-infection (p.i.) in all infected animals. Rapid virus replication led to peak levels of viral RNA load by 30-53 h p.i., and then the load declined at various rates. In some animals (n=12, so-called non-carriers) viral RNA became undetectable between 7 and 18 days p.i. In contrast, in persistently infected animals (n=12, so-called carriers) viral RNA persisted in OP-fluid samples at detectable levels beyond 28 days p.i. Analysis of early viral decay/clearance and virus clearance half-life in OP-fluid samples showed that the extent of reduction of viral RNA in OP-fluid samples immediately following peak levels is a critical determinant of the outcome of FMDV persistence.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007507 Therapeutic Irrigation The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis. Douching,Lavage,Douchings,Irrigation, Therapeutic,Irrigations, Therapeutic,Lavages,Therapeutic Irrigations
D010614 Pharynx A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx). Throat,Pharynxs,Throats
D001826 Body Fluids Liquid components of living organisms. Body Fluid,Fluid, Body,Fluids, Body
D002353 Carrier State The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host. Asymptomatic Carrier State,Asymptomatic Infection Carrier,Inapparent Infection Carrier,Presymptomatic Carrier State,Presymptomatic Infection Carrier,Super-spreader Carrier,Superspreader Carrier,Asymptomatic Carrier States,Asymptomatic Infection Carriers,Carrier State, Asymptomatic,Carrier State, Presymptomatic,Carrier States,Carrier, Super-spreader,Carrier, Superspreader,Carriers, Super-spreader,Carriers, Superspreader,Inapparent Infection Carriers,Infection Carrier, Asymptomatic,Infection Carrier, Inapparent,Infection Carrier, Presymptomatic,Presymptomatic Carrier States,Presymptomatic Infection Carriers,Super spreader Carrier,Super-spreader Carriers,Superspreader Carriers
D002417 Cattle Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor. Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D004947 Esophagus The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
D005536 Foot-and-Mouth Disease A highly infectious disease caused by FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS that affects mammals of the ARTIODACTYLA order (CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; and PIGS) and is characterized by high fever followed by the appearance of blisters inside the mouth and on the feet. Foot and Mouth Disease,Disease, Foot-and-Mouth,Diseases, Foot-and-Mouth,Foot-and-Mouth Diseases
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012367 RNA, Viral Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. Viral RNA
D019562 Viral Load The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression. Viral Burden,Virus Titer,Burden, Viral,Load, Viral,Titer, Virus

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