Biomaterial Database

Erythrocyte velocity and total blood flow in the extraembryonic circulation of early chick embryos determined by digital video technique. 1992

H J Meuer

Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Zentrum Physiologie, Germany.

RBC velocity was determined in the major blood vessels of the extraembryonic circulation of early chick embryos between Day 4 and Day 6 of development using fluorescent-labeled erythrocytes. Measurements were performed by applying a digital frame-by-frame video technique. The expenditure of operator interaction was minimized by computer support. Velocity measurements of more than 15,000 labeled blood cells were evaluated for mean RBC velocity and volume flow of 354 venous blood vessel segments. Linear regression for the power function of the calculated volume flow vs the vessel diameter yielded an exponent of 2.77 at Day 4, increasing to 2.96 by Day 6. Applying Murray's model of energetic cost, these data indicate that in the course of development the newly formed extraembryonic vascular system is optimized in terms of minimizing cardiac work. The total extraembryonic blood flow as calculated from the sum of the volume flows of the main veins was 656 +/- 218 and 1169 +/- 409 nl/sec at Day 4 and Day 6, respectively. Using previously determined values of blood oxygen concentration, embryonic oxygen uptakes of 9.6 nl/sec (Day 4) and 40.2 nl/sec (Day 6) were calculated.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010100	Oxygen	An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.	Dioxygen,Oxygen-16,Oxygen 16
D012044	Regression Analysis	Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.	Regression Diagnostics,Statistical Regression,Analysis, Regression,Analyses, Regression,Diagnostics, Regression,Regression Analyses,Regression, Statistical,Regressions, Statistical,Statistical Regressions
D001783	Blood Flow Velocity	A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.	Blood Flow Velocities,Flow Velocities, Blood,Flow Velocity, Blood,Velocities, Blood Flow,Velocity, Blood Flow
D002302	Cardiac Output	The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).	Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D004912	Erythrocytes	Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.	Blood Cells, Red,Blood Corpuscles, Red,Red Blood Cells,Red Blood Corpuscles,Blood Cell, Red,Blood Corpuscle, Red,Erythrocyte,Red Blood Cell,Red Blood Corpuscle
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001158	Arteries	The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.	Artery
D012815	Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted	Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.	Digital Signal Processing,Signal Interpretation, Computer-Assisted,Signal Processing, Digital,Computer-Assisted Signal Interpretation,Computer-Assisted Signal Interpretations,Computer-Assisted Signal Processing,Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Signal,Interpretations, Computer-Assisted Signal,Signal Interpretation, Computer Assisted,Signal Interpretations, Computer-Assisted,Signal Processing, Computer Assisted
D014680	Veins	The vessels carrying blood away from the CAPILLARY BEDS.	Vein