Biomaterial Database

Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Generalized vascular damage in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 1992

T Jensen, and T Deckert

Steno Memorial Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.

The most serious complication of diabetes mellitus is clinical nephropathy. The development of persistent proteinuria (urinary excretion of more than 300 mg albumin/24 hours) implies an extremely high risk of early death. Renal failure is the most frequent cause of death but the mortality of cardiovascular diseases is also increased. Besides the link between albuminuria (nephropathy) and atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, albuminuria is also a predictor of microangiopathy in other organs than the kidneys. The annual incidence of proliferative retinopathy in early nephropathy is 10-15% compared to only 1% in patients without nephropathy. Also signs of cardiomyopathy have been demonstrated in early nephropathy. Further we have described markers of universal endothelial damage in these patients, and we hypothesize that albuminuria not only is a predictor of renal disease but also of widespread vascular disease. Long-term improvement of metabolic control by use of insulin infusion pumps and early antihypertensive treatment seem to stop the further progression of early diabetic nephropathy and to significantly improve the prognosis of clinical nephropathy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D003922	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	Diabetes Mellitus, Brittle,Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent,Diabetes Mellitus, Juvenile-Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis-Prone,Diabetes Mellitus, Sudden-Onset,Diabetes, Autoimmune,IDDM,Autoimmune Diabetes,Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent, 1,Diabetes Mellitus, Type I,Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus 1,Juvenile-Onset Diabetes,Type 1 Diabetes,Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus,Brittle Diabetes Mellitus,Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Dependent,Diabetes Mellitus, Juvenile Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis Prone,Diabetes Mellitus, Sudden Onset,Diabetes, Juvenile-Onset,Diabetes, Type 1,Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus 1,Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus,Juvenile Onset Diabetes,Juvenile-Onset Diabetes Mellitus,Ketosis-Prone Diabetes Mellitus,Sudden-Onset Diabetes Mellitus
D003925	Diabetic Angiopathies	VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	Diabetic Vascular Complications,Diabetic Vascular Diseases,Microangiopathy, Diabetic,Angiopathies, Diabetic,Angiopathy, Diabetic,Diabetic Angiopathy,Diabetic Microangiopathies,Diabetic Microangiopathy,Diabetic Vascular Complication,Diabetic Vascular Disease,Microangiopathies, Diabetic,Vascular Complication, Diabetic,Vascular Complications, Diabetic,Vascular Disease, Diabetic,Vascular Diseases, Diabetic
D003928	Diabetic Nephropathies	KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis,Glomerulosclerosis, Diabetic,Diabetic Kidney Disease,Diabetic Nephropathy,Intracapillary Glomerulosclerosis,Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease,Kimmelstiel-Wilson Syndrome,Nodular Glomerulosclerosis,Diabetic Kidney Diseases,Glomerulosclerosis, Nodular,Kidney Disease, Diabetic,Kidney Diseases, Diabetic,Kimmelstiel Wilson Disease,Kimmelstiel Wilson Syndrome,Nephropathies, Diabetic,Nephropathy, Diabetic,Syndrome, Kimmelstiel-Wilson
D003929	Diabetic Neuropathies	Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	Diabetic Amyotrophy,Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy,Diabetic Neuralgia,Diabetic Polyneuropathy,Neuralgia, Diabetic,Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy,Diabetic Asymmetric Polyneuropathy,Diabetic Mononeuropathy,Diabetic Mononeuropathy Simplex,Diabetic Neuropathy, Painful,Mononeuropathy, Diabetic,Symmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy,Amyotrophies, Diabetic,Amyotrophy, Diabetic,Asymmetric Polyneuropathies, Diabetic,Asymmetric Polyneuropathy, Diabetic,Autonomic Neuropathies, Diabetic,Autonomic Neuropathy, Diabetic,Diabetic Amyotrophies,Diabetic Asymmetric Polyneuropathies,Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathies,Diabetic Mononeuropathies,Diabetic Mononeuropathy Simplices,Diabetic Neuralgias,Diabetic Neuropathies, Painful,Diabetic Neuropathy,Diabetic Polyneuropathies,Mononeuropathies, Diabetic,Mononeuropathy Simplex, Diabetic,Mononeuropathy Simplices, Diabetic,Neuralgias, Diabetic,Neuropathies, Diabetic,Neuropathies, Diabetic Autonomic,Neuropathies, Painful Diabetic,Neuropathy, Diabetic,Neuropathy, Diabetic Autonomic,Neuropathy, Painful Diabetic,Painful Diabetic Neuropathies,Painful Diabetic Neuropathy,Polyneuropathies, Diabetic,Polyneuropathies, Diabetic Asymmetric,Polyneuropathy, Diabetic,Polyneuropathy, Diabetic Asymmetric,Simplex, Diabetic Mononeuropathy,Simplices, Diabetic Mononeuropathy
D003930	Diabetic Retinopathy	Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	Diabetic Retinopathies,Retinopathies, Diabetic,Retinopathy, Diabetic
D004730	Endothelium, Vascular	Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.	Capillary Endothelium,Vascular Endothelium,Capillary Endotheliums,Endothelium, Capillary,Endotheliums, Capillary,Endotheliums, Vascular,Vascular Endotheliums
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000419	Albuminuria	The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	Albuminurias