Biomaterial Database

Experimental transmission of African swine fever virus by the soft tick Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) marocanus (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae). 1992

R G Endris, and W R Hess

Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS-NAA, Greenport, New York 11944-0848.

A total of 1,600 Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) marcocanus larvae were fed on a pig with a viremia of 10(7.4) HAd50/ml of African swine fever virus (ASFV). Infected larvae were sampled daily for 15 d, and nymphs were sampled at least once per instar until they became adults. Initial titers of 10(4.48) HAd50 per larva declined to 10(4.04) within 2 d. Larval titers reached a maximum of 10(6.0) HAd50 per larva 10 d after the infective blood meal. Nymphs of each instar were fed on a susceptible pig and in each case transmitted ASFV by bite. Virus titers for first to fourth instars ranged from 10(4.61) to 10(3.34) HAd50 per nymph. Transstadial survival occurred in subsequent first, second, third, and fourth instars with an 89% survival rate over 250 d. Approximately 30% of adult ticks that were infected as larvae remained infected and transmitted ASFV to susceptible pigs 588 d later. In addition, ASFV was recovered from the same adult ticks 655 d after the infective blood meal.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007814	Larva	Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.	Maggots,Tadpoles,Larvae,Maggot,Tadpole
D000357	African Swine Fever	A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).	Swine Fever, African,African Swine Fever Virus Infection,Asfivirus Infection,Wart-Hog Disease,Asfivirus Infections,Infection, Asfivirus,Infections, Asfivirus,Wart Hog Disease,Wart-Hog Diseases
D000358	African Swine Fever Virus	The lone species of the genus Asfivirus. It infects domestic and wild pigs, warthogs, and bushpigs. Disease is endemic in domestic swine in many African countries and Sardinia. Soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros are also infected and act as vectors.	Wart-Hog Disease Virus,Virus, Wart-Hog Disease,Wart Hog Disease Virus
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001096	Arachnid Vectors	Members of the class Arachnida, especially SPIDERS; SCORPIONS; MITES; and TICKS; which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.	Arachnid Vector,Vector, Arachnid,Vectors, Arachnid
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D013987	Ticks	Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)	Ixodida,Ixodidas,Tick