Biomaterial Database

Initial mercury evaporation from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu amalgams containing Pd. 2004

M Koike, and J L Ferracane, and J D Adey, and H Fujii, and T Okabe

Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Division of Removable Prosthodontics and Management of Oral Function, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.

This study examined the Hg evaporation during setting from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu alloy powders with and without Pd. Four series of alloy powders were fabricated to examine the effect on the Hg evaporation of the alloy compositions (all percentages in this report are weight percents): Pd (0-1.5), Cu (9.0-14.0), Ag (57.0-63.7), and Sn (24.9-29.5). These variations in composition produced alloy powders with gamma-Ag3Sn to beta-AgSn ratios varying from 0.0 to 23.9. The total amounts of Hg released from 10 min after trituration were measured from cylindrical specimens (4 x 8mm; n = 4 ) at 37 degrees C using a Hg vapor analyzer. The results were compared to those from commercial alloys (one high-Cu and one low-Cu alloy). All amalgams made from alloys containing 1.5% Pd exhibited lower Hg vapor release than any other amalgams, with the exception of the low-Cu amalgam. The results clearly showed that the alloy formulation affected the mercury evaporation behavior during setting of the resultant amalgams. A small addition of Pd to the alloy can produce amalgams with 50-60% less Hg vapor release during setting than a leading commercial high-Cu amalgam, Tytin.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008422	Materials Testing	The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.	Biocompatibility Testing,Biocompatible Materials Testing,Hemocompatibility Testing,Testing, Biocompatible Materials,Testing, Hemocompatible Materials,Hemocompatibility Testings,Hemocompatible Materials Testing,Materials Testing, Biocompatible,Materials Testing, Hemocompatible,Testing, Biocompatibility,Testing, Hemocompatibility,Testing, Materials,Testings, Biocompatibility
D008628	Mercury	A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.
D010165	Palladium	A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.
D010865	Pilot Projects	Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.	Pilot Studies,Pilot Study,Pilot Project,Project, Pilot,Projects, Pilot,Studies, Pilot,Study, Pilot
D011208	Powders	Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Powder
D003300	Copper	A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.	Copper-63,Copper 63
D003723	Dental Amalgam	An alloy used in restorative dentistry that contains mercury, silver, tin, copper, and possibly zinc.	Amalgam, Dental,Amalgams, Dental,Dental Amalgams
D012834	Silver	An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.
D014001	Tin	A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.	Stannum
D014835	Volatilization	A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.	Vaporization,Volatility