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Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates the cell cycle regulatory protein Geminin. 2004

Monika Kulartz, and Ekkehard Hiller, and Ferdinand Kappes, and Lorenzo A Pinna, and Rolf Knippers
Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany. monika.kulartz@uni-konstanz.de

Geminin contributes to cell cycle regulation by a timely inhibition of Cdt1p, the loading factor required for the assembly of pre-replication complexes. Geminin is expressed during S and G2 phase of the HeLa cell cycle and phosphorylated soon after its synthesis. We show here that Geminin is an excellent substrate for protein kinase CK2 in vitro; and that the highly specific CK2 inhibitor tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) blocks the phosphorylation of Geminin in HeLa protein extracts and HeLa cells in vivo. The sites of CK2 phosphorylation are located in the carboxyterminal region of Geminin, which carries several consensus sequence motifs for CK2. We also show that a minor phosphorylating activity in protein extracts can be attributed to glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which most likely targets a central peptide in Geminin. Treatment of HeLa cells with TBB does not interfere with the ability of Geminin to interact with the loading factor Cdt1.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007211 Indoles Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.
D008301 Maleimides Derivatives of maleimide (the structural formula H2C2(CO)2NH) containing a pyrroledione ring where the hydrogen atom of the NH group is replaced with aliphatic or aromatic groups.
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D010766 Phosphorylation The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety. Phosphorylations
D011994 Recombinant Proteins Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Biosynthetic Protein,Biosynthetic Proteins,DNA Recombinant Proteins,Recombinant Protein,Proteins, Biosynthetic,Proteins, Recombinant DNA,DNA Proteins, Recombinant,Protein, Biosynthetic,Protein, Recombinant,Proteins, DNA Recombinant,Proteins, Recombinant,Recombinant DNA Proteins,Recombinant Proteins, DNA
D004791 Enzyme Inhibitors Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. Enzyme Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Enzyme,Inhibitors, Enzyme
D006367 HeLa Cells The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for, among other things, VIRUS CULTIVATION and PRECLINICAL DRUG EVALUATION assays. Cell, HeLa,Cells, HeLa,HeLa Cell
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000255 Adenosine Triphosphate An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. ATP,Adenosine Triphosphate, Calcium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Manganese Salt,Adenylpyrophosphate,CaATP,CrATP,Manganese Adenosine Triphosphate,MgATP,MnATP,ATP-MgCl2,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Ammonium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride,Atriphos,Chromium Adenosine Triphosphate,Cr(H2O)4 ATP,Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate,Striadyne,ATP MgCl2
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein

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