When rabbit skeletal muscle myofibrils were treated with a solution containing 0.1 mM Ca2+ and 30 micrograms of leupeptin/ml, alpha-connectin, which forms very thin filaments in myofibrils, was split into beta-connectin and a 1,200-kDa subfragment. A part of beta-connectin located near the junction between beta-connectin and the subfragment seems to have an affinity for calcium ions and to be susceptible to the binding of large amounts of calcium ions. The calcium-binding site on beta-connectin is localized near the N2 line in the I band, and the subfragment is localized adjacent to the Z disk. It is possible that connectin filaments change their elasticity during the contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle at the physiological concentration of calcium ions. Because postmortem skeletal muscles lose their elasticity and become plastic in association with the calcium-specific splitting of connectin filaments, the splitting is considered to be a factor in meat tenderization during postrigor ageing.