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Structures of two lectins from the roots of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana). 2004

Tomomi Fujii, and Minoru Hayashida, and Mika Hamasu, and Masatsune Ishiguro, and Yasuo Hata
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.

Pokeweed lectin (PL), a lectin specific for N-acetylglucosamine-containing saccharides, stimulates peripheral lymphocytes to undergo mitosis by binding to their cell surfaces. Four types of lectins have been isolated from the roots of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) and shown to contain homologous domains but to have different molecular sizes and biological properties. PL-D, the smallest lectin in the group, has two isolectins, PL-D1 and PL-D2. PL-D1 consists of 84 amino-acid residues, while PL-D2 is identical to PL-D1 in sequence except for the lack of two C-terminal residues, Leu83 and Thr84. The crystal structures of PL-D1 and PL-D2 were solved by the molecular-replacement method and refined to 1.65 and 1.5 A resolution with R factors of 17.2 and 17.6%, respectively. The PL-Ds are composed of two repetitive chitin-binding domains, each of which has four S-S bridges and one putative carbohydrate-binding site. The two carbohydrate-binding sites in PL-D are located on one side of the molecule. The relative orientation of the two domains in PL-D1 differs from that in PL-D2. Two C-terminal residues of PL-D1 are invisible in the present crystal structure, indicating the flexibility of the region. PL-D2 has a Ca2+ ion bound to the C-terminus on the molecular surface. A wide distribution of acidic residues is characteristically observed on one side of the C-terminal region of PL-D.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008958 Models, Molecular Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures. Molecular Models,Model, Molecular,Molecular Model
D011043 Pokeweed Mitogens Proteins isolated from the roots of the pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, that agglutinate some erythrocytes, stimulate mitosis and antibody synthesis in lymphocytes, and induce activation of plasma cells. Lectins, Pokeweed,Pokeweed Lectin,Pokeweed Lectins,Pokeweed Mitogen,Pokeweed Mitogen Isolectin,Isolectin, Pokeweed Mitogen,Lectin, Pokeweed,Mitogen Isolectin, Pokeweed,Mitogen, Pokeweed,Mitogens, Pokeweed
D011487 Protein Conformation The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain). Conformation, Protein,Conformations, Protein,Protein Conformations
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D001665 Binding Sites The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule. Combining Site,Binding Site,Combining Sites,Site, Binding,Site, Combining,Sites, Binding,Sites, Combining
D015394 Molecular Structure The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular
D054788 Ribosome Inactivating Proteins N-Glycosidases that remove adenines from RIBOSOMAL RNA, depurinating the conserved alpha-sarcin loop of 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA. They often consist of a toxic A subunit and a binding lectin B subunit. They may be considered as PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS. They are found in many PLANTS and have cytotoxic and antiviral activity. RIP Ribosome Inactivating Proteins,RNA N-Glycosidase,Polynucleotide Adenosine Glycosidase,RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Proteins),RNA Glycosylase,rRNA N-Glycosylases,Adenosine Glycosidase, Polynucleotide,Glycosidase, Polynucleotide Adenosine,Glycosylase, RNA,Inactivating Proteins, Ribosome,N-Glycosidase, RNA,N-Glycosylases, rRNA,Proteins, Ribosome Inactivating,RNA N Glycosidase,rRNA N Glycosylases
D018360 Crystallography, X-Ray The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) X-Ray Crystallography,Crystallography, X Ray,Crystallography, Xray,X Ray Crystallography,Xray Crystallography,Crystallographies, X Ray,X Ray Crystallographies
D018517 Plant Roots The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) Plant Bulbs,Plant Root,Bulb, Plant,Bulbs, Plant,Plant Bulb,Root, Plant,Roots, Plant
D029604 Phytolacca americana A plant species of the family PHYTOLACCACEAE. The root has been used in traditional medicine and contains POKEWEED MITOGENS, triterpene glycosides, and antiviral protein. Pokeweed,Poke Plant,Plant, Poke,Plants, Poke,Poke Plants,Pokeweeds

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