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Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of enantiomerically pure 4-deoxy-4-fluoromuscarines. 1992

P Bravo, and G Resnati, and P Angeli, and M Frigerio, and F Viani, and A Arnone, and G Marucci, and F Cantalamessa
Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, C.N.R.-Centro Studio Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Milano, Italy.

Four isomers of [(4-fluoro-5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]trimethylammonium iodide (4-deoxy-4-fluoro-muscarines) were prepared in enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure form from (S)-(-)-methyl 4-methylphenyl sulfoxide, ethyl fluoroacetate, and allyl bromide. Their absolute configurations were assigned by 1H NMR analyses. The four optically pure compounds were tested in vitro on guinea pig and their muscarinic potency was evaluated at M3 (ileum and bladder) and M2 (heart) muscarinic receptor subtypes. Compound 1a, the most potent isomer of the series, was also tested in vivo on pithed rat and its muscarinic activity at the M1 receptor subtype was compared with that of muscarine. Moreover, affinity and relative efficacy were calculated in vitro for this compound at M2 (heart force and rate) and M3 (ileum and bladder) receptors in order to investigate muscarinic receptor heterogeneity. The 4-deoxy-4-fluoromuscarines display a similar trend of potency as the corresponding muscarines and compound 1a shows differences in the affinity constants among the studied tissues. Replacement of a hydroxyl group for a fluorine atom in the 4 position of muscarine produces 1 order of magnitude increase in affinity for cardiac M2 muscarinic receptors controlling rate, while the affinity at cardiac M2 muscarinic receptors controlling force is unchanged, opening the possibility of a further classification of cardiac muscarinic receptors.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007082 Ileum The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.
D008297 Male Males
D008968 Molecular Conformation The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule. Molecular Configuration,3D Molecular Structure,Configuration, Molecular,Molecular Structure, Three Dimensional,Three Dimensional Molecular Structure,3D Molecular Structures,Configurations, Molecular,Conformation, Molecular,Conformations, Molecular,Molecular Configurations,Molecular Conformations,Molecular Structure, 3D,Molecular Structures, 3D,Structure, 3D Molecular,Structures, 3D Molecular
D009116 Muscarine A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.
D009119 Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009200 Myocardial Contraction Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM. Heart Contractility,Inotropism, Cardiac,Cardiac Inotropism,Cardiac Inotropisms,Contractilities, Heart,Contractility, Heart,Contraction, Myocardial,Contractions, Myocardial,Heart Contractilities,Inotropisms, Cardiac,Myocardial Contractions
D009682 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING). In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy,MR Spectroscopy,Magnetic Resonance,NMR Spectroscopy,NMR Spectroscopy, In Vivo,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance,Spectroscopy, NMR,Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies,Magnetic Resonance, Nuclear,NMR Spectroscopies,Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetic,Resonance, Magnetic,Resonance, Nuclear Magnetic,Spectroscopies, NMR,Spectroscopy, MR
D010277 Parasympathomimetics Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here. Parasympathomimetic Agents,Parasympathomimetic Drugs,Parasympathomimetic Effect,Parasympathomimetic Effects,Agents, Parasympathomimetic,Drugs, Parasympathomimetic,Effect, Parasympathomimetic,Effects, Parasympathomimetic
D011976 Receptors, Muscarinic One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors,Muscarinic Receptors,Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor,Muscarinic Receptor,Acetylcholine Receptor, Muscarinic,Acetylcholine Receptors, Muscarinic,Receptor, Muscarinic,Receptor, Muscarinic Acetylcholine,Receptors, Muscarinic Acetylcholine
D001743 Urinary Bladder A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION. Bladder,Bladder Detrusor Muscle,Detrusor Urinae,Bladder Detrusor Muscles,Bladder, Urinary,Detrusor Muscle, Bladder,Detrusor Muscles, Bladder

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