Comparison of molecular dynamics averaged structures for complexes of normal and oncogenic ras-p21 with SOS nucleotide exchange protein, containing computed conformations for three crystallographically undefined domains, suggests a potential role of these domains in ras signaling. 2004

Thomas Duncan, and James M Chen, and Fred K Friedman, and Mark Hyde, and Lyndon Chie, and Matthew R Pincus
Department of Biochemistry, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.

ras-p21 protein binds to the son-of-sevenless (SOS) guanine nucleotide-exchange promoter that allows it to exchange GDP for GTP. Previously, we performed molecular dynamics calculations on oncogenic (Val 12-) and wild-type ras-p21 bound to SOS. By superimposing the average structures of these two complexes, we identified four domains (residues 631-641, 676-691, 718-729, and 994-1004) in SOS that change conformation and were candidates for being effector domains. These calculations were performed in the absence of three crystallographically undefined loops (i.e., residues 591-596, 654-675, and 742-751). We have now modeled these loops into the SOS structure and have re-performed the dynamics calculations. We find that all three loop domains undergo large changes in conformation that involve mostly changes in their positioning and not their individual conformations. We have also identified another potential effector domain (i.e., residues 980-989). Overall, our current results suggest that SOS interactions with oncogenic ras-p21 may enhance ras-p21 mitogenic signaling through prolonging its activation by maintaining its binding to GTP and by allowing its effector domains to interact with intracellular targets.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001665 Binding Sites The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule. Combining Site,Binding Site,Combining Sites,Site, Binding,Site, Combining,Sites, Binding,Sites, Combining
D015398 Signal Transduction The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D015689 Oncogene Protein p21(ras) Transforming protein encoded by ras oncogenes. Point mutations in the cellular ras gene (c-ras) can also result in a mutant p21 protein that can transform mammalian cells. Oncogene protein p21(ras) has been directly implicated in human neoplasms, perhaps accounting for as much as 15-20% of all human tumors. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47. p21(v-Ha-ras),p21(v-Ki-ras),ras Oncogene Protein p21,p21 Transforming Viral Protein,p21 v-H-ras,p21 v-Ha-ras,p21 v-Ki-ras,p21 v-ras,p21(v-H-ras),p21(v-K-ras),ras Oncogene Product p21,ras Oncogene p21 Product,p21 v H ras,p21 v Ha ras,p21 v Ki ras,p21 v ras,v-H-ras, p21,v-Ha-ras, p21,v-Ki-ras, p21,v-ras, p21
D017434 Protein Structure, Tertiary The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (ALPHA HELICES; BETA SHEETS; loop regions, and AMINO ACID MOTIFS) pack together to form folded shapes. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Tertiary Protein Structure,Protein Structures, Tertiary,Tertiary Protein Structures
D020664 Son of Sevenless Proteins A class of RAS GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are genetically related to the Son of Sevenless gene from DROSOPHILA. Sevenless refers to genetic mutations in DROSOPHILA that cause loss of the R7 photoreceptor which is required to see UV light. SOS Proteins,Son of Sevenless Protein,Sevenless Protein Son

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