Biomaterial Database

[Microsurgical approaches to the treatment of obstructive azoospermia]. 2004

Philip S Li, and Qiang Dong, and Marc Goldstein

Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Cornell Institute for Reproductive Medicine & Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian University Hospital for Columbia and Cornell, NY 10021, USA.

In the past 5 to 10 years, very few fields in modern medicine have changed so dramatically as reproductive medicine, especially for the treatment of male infertility. Advances have been made in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), refined microsurgical reconstructive techniques (vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy), and microsurgical techniques of surgical sperm retrieval from the epididymis and testis. All men with epididymal obstruction (obstructive azoospermia) now have the opportunity to father their own biological children. In this article, the authors reviewed the most updated microsurgical vasovasostomy, vasoepididymostomy techniques and surgical indications as well as the key factors for successful microsurgical treatment. They also predicted the future directions and discussed the advantages of microsurgical techniques, emphasized the significant roles of microsurgical training for urological doctors to treat male infertility.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008866	Microsurgery	The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.
D009845	Oligospermia	A condition of suboptimal concentration of SPERMATOZOA in the ejaculated SEMEN to ensure successful FERTILIZATION of an OVUM. In humans, oligospermia is defined as a sperm count below 20 million per milliliter semen.	Cryptospermia,Cryptozoospermia,Low Sperm Count,Hypospermatogenesis,Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia,Oligozoospermia,Cryptospermias,Cryptozoospermias,Hypospermatogeneses,Low Sperm Counts,Oligoasthenoteratozoospermias,Sperm Count, Low,Sperm Counts, Low
D004822	Epididymis	The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.
D005307	Fertilization in Vitro	An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.	Test-Tube Fertilization,Fertilizations in Vitro,In Vitro Fertilization,Test-Tube Babies,Babies, Test-Tube,Baby, Test-Tube,Fertilization, Test-Tube,Fertilizations, Test-Tube,In Vitro Fertilizations,Test Tube Babies,Test Tube Fertilization,Test-Tube Baby,Test-Tube Fertilizations
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014669	Vasovasostomy	Surgical anastomosis or fistulization of the spermatic ducts to restore fertility in a previously vasectomized male.	Vasectomy Reversal,Vasostomy,Reversal, Vasectomy,Reversals, Vasectomy,Vasectomy Reversals,Vasostomies,Vasovasostomies
D020554	Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic	An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).	ICSI,Injections, Sperm, Intracytoplasmic,Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injections,Injection, Intracytoplasmic Sperm,Injections, Intracytoplasmic Sperm,Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection,Sperm Injection, Intracytoplasmic