OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical feature of benign symmetric lipomatosis (BSL) so as to improve its diagnosis and treatment. METHODS 28 patients of BSL treated in our hospital were analyzed and literature was reviewed. Surgical management is used in all patients. RESULTS There were no patients died. All patients were satisfactory with their appearance and function improved. 28 patients were followed up for 2-15 years (average 6 years and 5 months), only 5 cases recurred. CONCLUSIONS BSL usually occurs in middle age men. Patients have a striking appearance "hump back" because of a diffuse, symmetric distribution of the lipomatous tissue in the cervical region. The etiology is related to alcohol abuse. Operation is the most effective treatment. The radical surgical therapy should not be emphasized because the important anatomic structures may be damaged. Abstaining from alcohol may help to reduce the rate of recurrence.