Toxic effects caused by the organochlorine xenobiotic lindane may result from too excessive antiscabicidal treatment and in cases of accidental or intentional poisoning. Predominant symptoms of lindane intoxication concern the central nervous system, e.g. different manifestation of hyperexcitability and epileptiform activity. The inhibition of GABA-ergic neurotransmission seems to be responsible for the convulsant activity of lindane. This study was intended to compare the protective activity of conventional and new antiepileptic drugs against convulsions and lethal effects elicited by lindane administration in mice. Diazepam, clonazepam and phenobarbital protected against full seizure pattern and lethal effects evoked by lindane. Carbamazepine, phenytoin, gabapentin, felbamate and lamotrigine inhibited only lindane-induced tonic convulsions and mortality. It may be concluded that apart from benzodiazepines, phenobarbital and, to a lesser extent, carbamazepine, phenytoin, gabapentin, felbamate and lamotrigine could be used in lindane poisoning. Vigabatrin proved completely ineffective against seizures or lethal effects elicited by lindane.