Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination assay for detection of leptospiral antibody by using three different antigens. 2004

Janya Nakarin, and Sukone Pradutkanchana
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand. janya.n@psu.ac.th

Evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for detection of leptospiral antibody were performed using three different soluble antigens extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovar Bataviae including heat extracted antigen (HEA), sonicated antigen (SA) and deoxycholate extracted antigen (DEA). One hundred seventy-eight sera from 85 confirmed leptospirosis cases and 202 non-leptospirosis cases were examined SA-IHA showed the highest sensitivity of 98.8% followed by SA-ELISA-IgM and DEA-ELISA-IgM which showed an equal sensitivity of 97.6%. SA-ELISA-IgM was the most specific (96.5%) test followed by DEA-ELISA-IgM and SA-IHA which gave an equal specificity of 94.1%. The IgG-ELISA tests were less sensitive and specific than the others. These data indicated that the IgG-ELISA tests were not suitable as diagnostic tests for acute leptospirosis in humans. Using acute phase sera the sensitivity of DEA-ELISA-IgM, SA-ELISA-IgM and HEA-ELISA-IgM were 22.4%, 20.0% and 20.0% respectively, while those of the IgG ELISA tests were 32.9%, 17.6% and 10.6% respectively, the sensitivity of SA-IHA and DEA-IHA were 22.4% and 10.6% respectively. In conclusion, both the IgM-ELISA tests using SA and DEA and the IHA using SA are not different in diagnosis of human leptospirosis. SA is the most suitable antigen for detection of leptospiral antibody by IgM ELISA and IHA.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007921 Leptospira interrogans A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in fresh water that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes LEPTOSPIROSIS. Leptospira icteroides,Spirochaeta icterogenes,Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae,Spirochaeta interrogans,Spirochaeta nodosa
D004797 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D006386 Hemagglutination Tests Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) Hemagglutination Test,Test, Hemagglutination,Tests, Hemagglutination
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000907 Antibodies, Bacterial Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS. Bacterial Antibodies
D000942 Antigens, Bacterial Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity. Bacterial Antigen,Bacterial Antigens,Antigen, Bacterial
D012680 Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity

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