Modulation of gastro-oesophageal vagal afferents by galanin in mouse and ferret. 2005

Amanda J Page, and James A Slattery, and Tracey A O'donnell, and Nicole J Cooper, and Richard L Young, and L Ashley Blackshaw
Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Level 1 Hanson Institute, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. apage@mail.rah.sa.gov.au

The neuropeptide galanin is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It may have excitatory or inhibitory actions via three subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptor, and it modulates the mechanosensitivity of somatic sensory fibres. We aimed to determine if galanin also modulates vagal afferent mechanosensitivity, and to localize endogenous sources. The responses of ferret and mouse gastro-oesophageal vagal afferents to graded mechanical stimuli were investigated in vitro. The effects of galanin and/or the galanin receptor antagonist galantide on these responses were quantified. Immunohistochemistry for galanin was performed in ferret and mouse proximal stomach and nodose ganglion. In ferrets, retrograde labelling of gastric afferents to the nodose ganglion was combined with immunohistochemistry. When exposed to galanin (1-10 nM), 18/31 ferret and 12/15 mouse gastro-oesophageal afferents (tension, mucosal and tension/mucosal receptors) showed inhibition of mechanosensitivity. Four of 31 ferret afferents showed potentiation of mechanosensitivity, and 9/31 were unaffected (2/15 and 1/15 in mouse, respectively). Galanin effects were reversed after washout or by galantide (10-30 nM). Galantide given alone increased mechanosensitivity. Galanin immunoreactivity was found in nodose neurones, including those innervating the stomach in ferret. Enteric neurones were also galanin immunoreactive, as were endings associated with myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle. We conclude that galanin potently modulates mechanosensitivity of gastro-oesophageal vagal afferents with either facilitatory or inhibitory actions on individual afferent fibres. Both intrinsic and extrinsic (vagal) neurones contain galanin and are therefore potential sources of endogenous galanin.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008465 Mechanoreceptors Cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Mechanoreceptor cells include the INNER EAR hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance, and the various somatosensory receptors, often with non-neural accessory structures. Golgi Tendon Organ,Golgi Tendon Organs,Krause's End Bulb,Krause's End Bulbs,Mechanoreceptor,Mechanoreceptor Cell,Meissner's Corpuscle,Neurotendinous Spindle,Neurotendinous Spindles,Receptors, Stretch,Ruffini's Corpuscle,Ruffini's Corpuscles,Stretch Receptor,Stretch Receptors,Mechanoreceptor Cells,Bulb, Krause's End,Bulbs, Krause's End,Cell, Mechanoreceptor,Cells, Mechanoreceptor,Corpuscle, Meissner's,Corpuscle, Ruffini's,Corpuscles, Ruffini's,End Bulb, Krause's,End Bulbs, Krause's,Krause End Bulb,Krause End Bulbs,Krauses End Bulb,Krauses End Bulbs,Meissner Corpuscle,Meissners Corpuscle,Organ, Golgi Tendon,Organs, Golgi Tendon,Receptor, Stretch,Ruffini Corpuscle,Ruffini Corpuscles,Ruffinis Corpuscle,Ruffinis Corpuscles,Spindle, Neurotendinous,Spindles, Neurotendinous,Tendon Organ, Golgi,Tendon Organs, Golgi
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004943 Esophagogastric Junction The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice. Gastroesophageal Junction,Gastroesophageal Junctions,Junction, Esophagogastric,Junction, Gastroesophageal,Junctions, Gastroesophageal
D005260 Female Females
D005289 Ferrets Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE. Domestic Polecat,Domestic Polecats,European Polecat,European Polecats,Ferret,Mustela putorius,Mustela putorius furo,Polecat, Domestic,Polecat, European,Polecats, Domestic,Polecats, European
D000344 Afferent Pathways Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center. Afferent Pathway,Pathway, Afferent,Pathways, Afferent
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013045 Species Specificity The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species. Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species
D014018 Tissue Distribution Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios. Distribution, Tissue,Distributions, Tissue,Tissue Distributions
D014630 Vagus Nerve The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx). Cranial Nerve X,Pneumogastric Nerve,Tenth Cranial Nerve,Nerve X,Nervus Vagus,Cranial Nerve, Tenth,Cranial Nerves, Tenth,Nerve X, Cranial,Nerve Xs,Nerve, Pneumogastric,Nerve, Tenth Cranial,Nerve, Vagus,Nerves, Pneumogastric,Nerves, Tenth Cranial,Nerves, Vagus,Pneumogastric Nerves,Tenth Cranial Nerves,Vagus Nerves,Vagus, Nervus

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