Biomaterial Database

In vitro evaluation of toothbrushing abrasion of differently bleached bovine enamel. 2004

Annette Wiegand, and Yvonne A Otto, and Thomas Attin

Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37070 Göttingen, Germany. Annette.Wiegand@med.uni-goettingen.de

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro, the effect of different external bleaching agents on the susceptibility of enamel against toothbrushing abrasion. METHODS 96 bovine enamel specimens were embedded in acrylic resin, polished and covered with tape except for a 1.4 x 10 mm window. The samples were divided into eight groups (A-H), 12 specimens each (A-G) were treated with seven different home-bleaching (A: Whitestrips, B: Rapid White, C: Opalescence 10%, D: Opalescence PF 15%) and in-office-bleaching agents (E: Opalescence Extra, F: Opalescence Quick, G: Opalescence Extra Boost) according to manufacturers' instructions. Before and after each individual bleaching treatment the samples were brushed 40 times in an automatic brushing machine using a slurry containing artificial saliva and fluoridated toothpaste. The control group (Group H) was not bleached, but also brushed. After each cycle the specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours. RESULTS After 20 cycles loss of enamel was determined by profilometry, resulting in the following values (mean +/- standard deviation) which were statistically analyzed: Group A: (0.169 microm +/- 0.035), Group B (11.108 microm +/- 0.655), Group C (0.207 microm +/- 0.042), Group D (0.154 microm +/- 0.028), Group E (0.081 microm +/- 0.015), Group F (0.084 microm +/- 0.018), Group G (0.087 microm +/- 0.014), Group H (0.076 microm +/- 0.012). Group B differed significantly from the other groups (r = 0.001). Samples of Groups C, D and A showed a significant difference compared to the control H (r = 0.001). Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between enamel loss of Groups E, F, G and the Control H. It could be proven that toothbrushing abrasion of bleached enamel may be increased depending on the bleaching agent and application form used. Nevertheless, with the exception of bleaching treatment with Rapid White, toothbrushing abrasion of bleached enamel seems to be clinically less relevant.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010545	Peroxides	A group of compounds that contain a bivalent O-O group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. They can either be inorganic or organic in nature. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and initiators of polymerization. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)	Peroxide
D002327	Cariostatic Agents	Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)	Cariostatic Effect,Cariostatic Effects,Agent, Cariostatic,Agents, Cariostatic,Cariostatic Agent,Effect, Cariostatic,Effects, Cariostatic
D002417	Cattle	Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.	Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D003743	Dental Enamel	A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	Enamel,Enamel Cuticle,Dental Enamels,Enamel, Dental,Enamels, Dental,Cuticle, Enamel,Cuticles, Enamel,Enamel Cuticles,Enamels
D004198	Disease Susceptibility	A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.	Diathesis,Susceptibility, Disease,Diatheses,Disease Susceptibilities,Susceptibilities, Disease
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D005459	Fluorides	Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.	Fluoride
D006861	Hydrogen Peroxide	A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.	Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2),Hydroperoxide,Oxydol,Perhydrol,Superoxol,Peroxide, Hydrogen
D000077463	Carbamide Peroxide	A urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover.	Perhydrol Urea,Urea Hydrogen Peroxide,Urea Peroxide,Hydrogen Peroxide, Urea
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia