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To determine whether physical exercise affects biochemical indices of nutritional status, we compared four groups of male athletes (total n = 427) with two control groups (n = 150). Data about their nutrient intake for 1 month were obtained from a 122-item food frequency questionnaire. An estimate for leisure energy expenditure (EE) was calculated from a 15-item physical activity questionnaire. Athletes were grouped according to their EE (ModEE and HighEE athletes) and weight (light = less than 75 kg; heavy = greater than or equal to 75 kg), and controls according to their weight. Mean energy intake in ModEE and HighEE athletes was 2805-3260 kcal/day. Leisure EE significantly (p less than 0.0001) affected energy and nutrient intakes. Energy, riboflavin and calcium intakes were also higher in heavy subjects (P = 0.0006-0.03). The estimated percentage of subjects with deficient dietary intakes, calculated from probability analyses, was 0-6, depending on group and nutrient. Erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient (E-TKAC) was highest in controls (1.17 +/- 0.0008; p = 0.001). Serum magnesium was highest (p = 0.01) in ModEE athletes (0.85 +/- 0.006 mmol/L). No intergroup differences were found for plasma ascorbic acid, serum zinc or serum ferritin concentration, whereas blood hemoglobin was lowest (p less than 0.001) in HighEE athletes (149 +/- 0.5 g/L). Ten percent of the control subjects had E-TKAC greater than 1.24. Percentage of other values outside reference range was 0-4, depending on group and indicator. Since lowered blood hemoglobin concentration can be explained by hemodilution, we conclude that sports training did not have a negative effect on biochemical indices of thiamin, vitamin C, magnesium, iron, or zinc status in Finnish male athletes.
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
December 2013,
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
January 2002,
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.),
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
September 1980,
Journal of gerontology,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
October 1994,
International journal of sports medicine,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
October 1982,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
March 1993,
Medicine and science in sports and exercise,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
November 1968,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
July 1999,
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
June 2004,
International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism,
G M Fogelholm, and
J J Himberg, and
K Alopaeus, and
C G Gref, and
J T Laakso, and
J J Lehto, and
H Mussalo-Rauhamaa
August 1988,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
