Biomaterial Database

[Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ligands and angiogenesis]. 2005

Mayumi Sato

Medical R & D Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Medical Science.

PPAR receptors are expressed in endothelial cells and PPARalpha and gamma ligands play potent roles in modulating angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillary blood vessels, is essential for many physiologic and pathologic processes such as cancer, choroidal neovascularization and ischemic diseases. Inhibition of angiogenesis can prevent diseases with excessive vessel growth such as cancer or diabetic retinopathy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-receptors are considered key regulators of angiogenesis. PPARalpha and gamma ligands not only inhibit VEGF-receptor 2 expression but also act as blocker of VEGF-receptor signaling. Antiangiogenic action through targeting of VEGF-receptors may be a new approach to blocking hypoxia-driven angiogenesis. In this review, I highlight data concerning PPARs ligands involved in the biological mechanisms underlying antiangiogenesis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008024	Ligands	A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	Ligand
D009389	Neovascularization, Pathologic	A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.	Angiogenesis, Pathologic,Angiogenesis, Pathological,Neovascularization, Pathological,Pathologic Angiogenesis,Pathologic Neovascularization,Pathological Angiogenesis,Pathological Neovascularization
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D047492	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors	TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that are activated by ligands and heterodimerize with RETINOID X RECEPTORS and bind to peroxisome proliferator response elements in the promoter regions of target genes.	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor,NUC1 PPAR,PPAR,PPAR, NUC1,Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor,Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors,Proliferator-Activated Receptor, Peroxisome,Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Peroxisome,Receptor, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated,Receptors, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated
D047493	PPAR alpha	A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR GAMMA is important to metabolism of LIPIDS. It is the target of FIBRATES to control HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.	PPARalpha,Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha,Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor alpha
D047495	PPAR gamma	A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR ALPHA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH PROCESSES. It is a target of THIAZOLIDINEDIONES for control of DIABETES MELLITUS.	PPARgamma,PPARgamma2,PPARgamma3,Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma,Thiazolidinedione Receptor,mPPARgamma1,mPPARgamma2,Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma,Receptor, Thiazolidinedione
D040262	Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor	A family of closely related RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES that bind vascular endothelial growth factors. They share a cluster of seven extracellular IG-LIKE DOMAINS which are important for ligand binding. They are highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and are critical for the physiological and pathological growth, development and maintenance of blood and lymphatic vessels.	Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor,Receptor, Endothelial Growth Factors,Receptor, Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor,Receptor, Vascular Permeability Factor,VEGF Receptor,VEGF Receptors,VPF Receptor,Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Receptor,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor,Vascular Permeability Factor Receptor,Receptors, VEGF