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Role of gravity in mammalian development: effects of hypergravity and/or microgravity on the development of skeletal muscles. 2004

Yoshinobu Ohira, and Fuminori Kawano, and Katsumasa Goto, and Xiao Dong Wang, and Yoshiaki Takeno, and Akihiko Ishihara
Sch. Health Sport Sci, Osaka Univ.

Effects of hindlimb suspension or exposure to 2-G between postnatal day 4 and month 3 and of 3-month recovery at 1-G environment on the characteristics of rat hindlimb muscles were studied. Pronounced growth inhibition was induced by unloading, but not by 2-G loading. It is suggested that the development and/or differentiation of soleus muscle fibers are closely associated with gravitational loading. The data indicated that gravitational unloading during postnatal development inhibits the myonuclear accretion in accordance with subnormal numbers of both mitotic active and quiescent satellite cells. Even though the fiber formation and longitudinal fiber growth were not influenced, cross-sectional growth of muscle fibers was also inhibited in association with lesser myonuclear domain and DNA content per unit volume of myonucleus. Unloading-related inhibition was generally normalized following the recovery.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002498 Centrifugation Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D006112 Gravitation Acceleration produced by the mutual attraction of two masses, and of magnitude inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two centers of mass. It is also the force imparted by the earth, moon, or a planet to an object near its surface. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988) G Force,Gravistimulation,Gravity,Force, G,G Forces,Gravities
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000843 Ankle Joint The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS. Ankle Syndesmosis,Articulatio talocruralis,Distal Tibiofibular Joint,Inferior Tibiofibular Joint,Talocrural Joint,Tibiofibular Ankle Syndesmosis,Tibiofibular Syndesmosis,Ankle Joints,Ankle Syndesmoses,Ankle Syndesmosis, Tibiofibular,Distal Tibiofibular Joints,Inferior Tibiofibular Joints,Joint, Ankle,Joints, Ankle,Syndesmosis, Ankle,Talocrural Joints,Tibiofibular Ankle Syndesmoses,Tibiofibular Joint, Distal,Tibiofibular Syndesmoses
D017208 Rats, Wistar A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain. Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D018471 Hypergravity Condition wherein the force of gravity is greater than or is increased above that on the surface of the earth. This is expressed as being greater than 1 g. High Gravity,Increased Gravity,Gravity, High,Gravity, Increased
D018474 Weightlessness Simulation Condition under normal Earth gravity where the force of gravity itself is not actually altered but its influence or effect may be modified and studied. (From ASGSB Bull 1992;5(2):27) Microgravity Simulation,Models, Weightlessness,Simulation, Microgravity,Simulation, Weightlessness,Weightlessness Model,Weightlessness Models
D018482 Muscle, Skeletal A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles. Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles
D018656 Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified. Muscle Fibers, Intermediate,Muscle Fibers, Type II,Muscle Fibers, White,Fast-Twitch Muscle Fiber,Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers,Fiber, Fast-Twitch Muscle,Fiber, Intermediate Muscle,Fiber, White Muscle,Fibers, Fast-Twitch Muscle,Fibers, Intermediate Muscle,Fibers, White Muscle,Intermediate Muscle Fiber,Intermediate Muscle Fibers,Muscle Fiber, Fast-Twitch,Muscle Fiber, Intermediate,Muscle Fiber, White,Muscle Fibers, Fast Twitch,White Muscle Fiber,White Muscle Fibers

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