BACKGROUND Primary non-gestational choriocarcinoma of the female genital tract has been described in the ovaries and is very unusual in other genital sites. METHODS Primary non-gestational uterine cervical choriocarcinoma was diagnosed in a patient, 32, single, without previous sexual contact nor antecedent pregnancy, admitted to the hospital with irregular vaginal hemorrhaging. Pelvic examination realized under anesthetic revealed a tumor mass occupying the uterine cervix. Metastases investigation was realized and the patient was accepted as FIGO IV: risk factor of 13. She was submitted to intensive chemotherapy and hysterectomy, showing general recovery, but died from drug-resistant disease 12 months later. Histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetics studies confirmed non-gestational choriocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Primary non-gestational uterine cervical choriocarcinoma may arise from germ cell tumor or epithelial tissue.