Prevalence of the genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, in Escherichia coli resistant to beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics. 2005

G M Matar, and S Al Khodor, and M El-Zaatari, and M Uwaydah
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon. gmatar@aub.edu.lb

The prevalences of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and their encoding bla genes, TEM, SHV and CTX_M, were investigated in isolates of Escherichia coli that were resistant to beta-lactam and/or non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Of the 250 E. coli isolates investigated, all of which came from patients in a major hospital in southern Lebanon, 61 (13.3%) were found to have ESBL, their production of beta-lactamase being confirmed by the ceftazidime and ceftazidime/clavulanic-acid disc methods. All 61 ESBL isolates were resistant to beta-lactams and sensitive to imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoxitime. Only 40% were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 33% were resistant to aminoglycosides, and 18% were considered to have multi-drug resistance. The results of the PCR-based amplification of the bla gene in DNA samples from the 61 ESBL isolates indicated that 11 (18%) of the isolates carried both the TEM and SHV genes, 37 (61%) carried the TEM gene but not the SHV, and 13 (21%) had the SHV gene but not the TEM. None of the isolates carried the CTX_M gene. Of the 37 TEM-positive/SHV-negative isolates, 43% were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 37% to aminoglycosides. Increased resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics was observed in the isolates harbouring both the TEM and SHV genes, of which 54% were resistant to all of the tested antibiotics except imipenem, 36% were only resistant to fluoroquinolones, and 9.1% only resistant to aminoglycosides. The possibility that the concomitant presence of TEM- and SHV-type beta-lactamases is associated with resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics requires further research. The prevalences of ESBL and their encoding genes in Gram-negative bacteria collected from various regions in Lebanon will now be investigated.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D004269 DNA, Bacterial Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria. Bacterial DNA
D004926 Escherichia coli A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc. Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D004927 Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. E coli Infections,E. coli Infection,Infections, E coli,Infections, Escherichia coli,E coli Infection,E. coli Infections,Escherichia coli Infection,Infection, E coli,Infection, E. coli,Infection, Escherichia coli
D005798 Genes, Bacterial The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA. Bacterial Gene,Bacterial Genes,Gene, Bacterial
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001618 beta-Lactamases Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins. beta-Lactamase,beta Lactamase,beta Lactamases
D016133 Polymerase Chain Reaction In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. Anchored PCR,Inverse PCR,Nested PCR,PCR,Anchored Polymerase Chain Reaction,Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction,Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR, Anchored,PCR, Inverse,PCR, Nested,Polymerase Chain Reactions,Reaction, Polymerase Chain,Reactions, Polymerase Chain
D018440 beta-Lactam Resistance Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Mechanisms responsible for beta-lactam resistance may be degradation of antibiotics by BETA-LACTAMASES, failure of antibiotics to penetrate, or low-affinity binding of antibiotics to targets. beta-Lactam Resistant,beta-Lactamase Resistance,beta-Lactamase Resistant,Resistance, beta-Lactamase,Resistant, beta-Lactamase,beta Lactam Resistance,beta Lactam Resistant,beta Lactamase Resistance,beta Lactamase Resistant
D024881 Drug Resistance, Bacterial The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS). Antibiotic Resistance, Bacterial,Antibacterial Drug Resistance
D024901 Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS). Drug Resistance, Extensive, Bacterial,Drug Resistance, Extensively, Bacterial,Extensive Antibacterial Drug Resistance,Extensively Antibacterial Drug Resistance,Multidrug Resistance, Bacterial,Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance,Bacterial Multidrug Resistance,Bacterial Multidrug Resistances,Resistance, Bacterial Multidrug

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