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The effects of the repeated administration of D-penicillamine, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulphonate, and N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine 24 h after gold sodium thiomalate (AuTM) injection on the distribution, excretion, and renal toxicity of gold in rats were investigated. Three i.p. injections of these chelating agents (1.2 mmol/kg) at 1, 3, and 5 days after AuTM injection (0.026 mmol/kg) removed gold from kidney and liver through urinary and fecal excretion, and protected against the renal damage induced by AuTM. These findings indicate that these compounds are useful antidotes for gold toxicity.
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