Biomaterial Database

Directional asymmetry of the frog monocular optokinetic nystagmus: cholinergic modulation. 1992

B Jardon, and Y H Yucel, and N Bonaventure

D.N.B.C., Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS, Strasbourg, France.

The frog monocular optokinetic gaze nystagmus (OKN) was studied by coil recordings after intravitreal administration of cholinergic drugs into the closed eye. Before injection, the frog displayed OKN for stimulations in the temporo-nasal (T-N) direction only. The injection of muscarinic agonists, as well as that of nicotinic antagonists, provoked the appearance of a naso-temporal (N-T) component, the slow phase velocity gain then being strongly and significantly increased. The abolition of the OKN directional asymmetry indicates that acetylcholine seems to act in opposite ways through muscarinic and nicotinic binding sites. The GABAergic and cholinergic systems may interact to generate and modulate OKN in the frog.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009760	Nystagmus, Physiologic	Involuntary rhythmical movements of the eyes in the normal person. These can be naturally occurring as in end-position (end-point, end-stage, or deviational) nystagmus or induced by the optokinetic drum (NYSTAGMUS, OPTOKINETIC), caloric test, or a rotating chair.	Nystagmus, Barany,Nystagmus, Caloric,Nystagmus, End-Position,Nystagmus, Positional,Nystagmus, Post-Rotatory,Nystagmus, Thermal,Nystagmus, Barany's,Nystagmus, Physiological,Physiologic Nystagmus,Barany Nystagmus,Barany's Nystagmus,Caloric Nystagmus,End-Position Nystagmus,Nystagmus, Baranys,Nystagmus, End Position,Nystagmus, Post Rotatory,Physiological Nystagmus,Positional Nystagmus,Post-Rotatory Nystagmus,Thermal Nystagmus
D011893	Rana esculenta	An edible species of the family Ranidae, occurring in Europe and used extensively in biomedical research. Commonly referred to as "edible frog".	Pelophylax esculentus
D011976	Receptors, Muscarinic	One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.	Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors,Muscarinic Receptors,Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor,Muscarinic Receptor,Acetylcholine Receptor, Muscarinic,Acetylcholine Receptors, Muscarinic,Receptor, Muscarinic,Receptor, Muscarinic Acetylcholine,Receptors, Muscarinic Acetylcholine
D011978	Receptors, Nicotinic	One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for NICOTINE over MUSCARINE. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, and subunit composition of the receptors.	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors,Nicotinic Receptors,Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor,Nicotinic Receptor,Acetylcholine Receptor, Nicotinic,Acetylcholine Receptors, Nicotinic,Receptor, Nicotinic,Receptor, Nicotinic Acetylcholine,Receptors, Nicotinic Acetylcholine
D000109	Acetylcholine	A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.	2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium,Acetilcolina Cusi,Acetylcholine Bromide,Acetylcholine Chloride,Acetylcholine Fluoride,Acetylcholine Hydroxide,Acetylcholine Iodide,Acetylcholine L-Tartrate,Acetylcholine Perchlorate,Acetylcholine Picrate,Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1),Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1),Bromoacetylcholine,Chloroacetylcholine,Miochol,Acetylcholine L Tartrate,Bromide, Acetylcholine,Cusi, Acetilcolina,Fluoride, Acetylcholine,Hydroxide, Acetylcholine,Iodide, Acetylcholine,L-Tartrate, Acetylcholine,Perchlorate, Acetylcholine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014795	Visual Pathways	Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.	Pathway, Visual,Pathways, Visual,Visual Pathway