Biomaterial Database

Antioxidants and myocardial ischemia: reperfusion injuries. 2005

Jan-Kan Chen, and Shu-Er Chow

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC. jkc508@mail.cgu.edu.tw

Animal studies have demonstrated that restoration of blood flow to severely ischemic myocardium is a prerequisite for myocardial salvage. However, it has been shown that the restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium may be associated with deleterious changes of the myocardium, including arrhythmias, enzyme release, and contractile dysfunction. These changes were considered to be additional injuries to the myocardium manifested at the time of reperfusion. The reperfusion was accompanied by a burst of oxygen free radical generation and their role as main mediators of the reperfusion injury have been well accepted. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular redox status regulate many important cellular activities. The role of antioxidant as a therapy for reperfusion injury has thus been tried with mixed and mostly negative results. Further studies are needed if the antioxidant therapies for ischemia reperfusion injury were to be effective.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009206	Myocardium	The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.	Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D009569	Nitric Oxide	A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.	Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D004730	Endothelium, Vascular	Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.	Capillary Endothelium,Vascular Endothelium,Capillary Endotheliums,Endothelium, Capillary,Endotheliums, Capillary,Endotheliums, Vascular,Vascular Endotheliums
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077185	Resveratrol	A stilbene and non-flavonoid polyphenol produced by various plants including grapes and blueberries. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and the activity of several DNA HELICASES in vitro.	3,4',5-Stilbenetriol,3,4',5-Trihydroxystilbene,3,5,4'-Trihydroxystilbene,Resveratrol, (Z)-,Resveratrol-3-sulfate,SRT 501,SRT-501,SRT501,cis-Resveratrol,trans-Resveratrol,trans-Resveratrol-3-O-sulfate,Resveratrol 3 sulfate,cis Resveratrol,trans Resveratrol,trans Resveratrol 3 O sulfate
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000975	Antioxidants	Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.	Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous
D013267	Stilbenes	Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.	Stilbene,Stilbene Derivative,Stilbene Derivatives,Stilbenoid,Stilbenoids,Derivative, Stilbene,Derivatives, Stilbene
D015428	Myocardial Reperfusion Injury	Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.	Reperfusion Injury, Myocardial,Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion,Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury,Injuries, Myocardial Reperfusion,Myocardial Reperfusion Injuries,Reperfusion Injuries, Myocardial