OBJECTIVE To study the effect of methylene blue combined with aprotinin on intraperitoneal adhesion. METHODS From May 2000 to February 2004, there were 83 patients receiving total or partial colectomy and temporary ileostomy or colostomy, and second anastomosis was performed within 8-12 weeks after the first operation. These patients were divided into four groups and followed by intraperitoneal administration of saline,methylene blue,aprotinin,combined methylene blue and aprotinin respectively during the second operation, then adhesion formation was quantitatively graded. RESULTS The adhesion rate was 15% in combination group, 83% in saline group, 40% in methylene blue group, and 45% in aprotinin group, respectively. The adhesion rate was significantly lower in combination group(P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Methylene blue and aprotinin can decrease the incidence of intraperitoneal adhesion significantly. The combination of these two drugs has significant effectiveness in the treatment of intraperitoneal adhesion.