Novel amphiphilic diblock copolymers, cholesterol-end-capped poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (CMPC), which have poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (poly(MPC)) as hydrophilic segment and cholesterol as hydrophobic segment, was specially designed as drug delivery systems. Fluorescence probe technique and transmission electron microscope (TEM) characterizations indicated that this novel amphiphilic copolymer formed micelles structure in water and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined to be 1.57 x 10(-7) mol/l. A commercial obtained polymeric amphiphiles, Cholesterol end capped PEO (CPEO), which had a similar structure with CMPC, was used as a control in the cytotoxicity test. While CPEO showed obvious cytotoxicity, cytotoxicity of this novel amphiphiles was not observed as indicated by cell culture. Anti-cancer drug adriamycin (ADR) was incorporated into the micelles by oil-in-water method. The size of the drug-containing micelles was less than 200 nm, and the size distribution of the drug-containing micelles showed a narrow and monodisperse unimodal pattern. The release rate of ADR from the nanosphere was slow and the release continued over 7 days and the release rate decreased with the increase of molecular weights of the copolymer and the amount of the drug entrapped. These experimental results suggested that the nanoparticles prepared from CMPC block copolymers could be a good candidate for injectable drug delivery carrier.