Biomaterial Database

Chronic parasympathetic sectioning decreases regional cerebral blood flow during hemorrhagic hypotension and increases infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 1992

N Koketsu, and M A Moskowitz, and H A Kontos, and M Yokota, and T Shimizu

Stroke Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during controlled hemorrhagic hypotension (140-20 mm Hg) was assessed 10-14 days after chronic unilateral sectioning of parasympathetic and/or sensory fibers innervating pial vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). rCBF was measured in the cortical barrel fields bilaterally by laser Doppler blood flowmetry. Immunohistochemistry of middle cerebral artery (MCA) whole mount preparations was used to verify the surgical lesion. During hemorrhagic hypotension, rCBF was equivalent on the two sides in shams, after selective sensory denervation, or in parasympathetically sectioned animals exhibiting small decreases (less than or equal to 30%) in immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-containing fibers. After chronic parasympathetic denervation, decreases in perfusion pressure were accompanied by greater reductions in rCBF on the lesioned side; changes in vascular resistance were also attenuated on that side. The rCBF response to hypercapnia (PaCO2 50 mm Hg), however, was symmetrical and robust. To examine the effects of impaired neurogenic vasodilation on the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, infarct size was measured 24 h following tandem MCA occlusion in denervated animals. Infarction volume was larger after selective parasympathetic sectioning (sham, 156 +/- 27 vs. 196 +/- 32 mm3, respectively) but only in those denervated animals demonstrating greater than or equal to 40% decrease in immunoreactive VIP-containing fibers within the ipsilateral MCA. Lower than expected blood flow/perfusion pressure in the cortex distal to an occluded blood vessel may relate the observed blood flow responses to the occurrence of larger cortical infarcts in parasympathetically denervated animals. If true, the findings suggest a novel role for neurogenic vasodilation in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and in rCBF regulation within the periinfarction zone.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007022	Hypotension	Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	Blood Pressure, Low,Hypotension, Vascular,Low Blood Pressure,Vascular Hypotension
D007150	Immunohistochemistry	Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.	Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D008297	Male		Males
D010275	Parasympathetic Nervous System	The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.	Nervous System, Parasympathetic,Nervous Systems, Parasympathetic,Parasympathetic Nervous Systems,System, Parasympathetic Nervous,Systems, Parasympathetic Nervous
D011918	Rats, Inbred SHR	A strain of Rattus norvegicus with elevated blood pressure used as a model for studying hypertension and stroke.	Rats, Spontaneously Hypertensive,Rats, SHR,Inbred SHR Rat,Inbred SHR Rats,Rat, Inbred SHR,Rat, SHR,Rat, Spontaneously Hypertensive,SHR Rat,SHR Rat, Inbred,SHR Rats,SHR Rats, Inbred,Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat,Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D001923	Brain Chemistry	Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.	Chemistry, Brain,Brain Chemistries,Chemistries, Brain
D002536	Cerebral Arteries	The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.	Arteries, Cerebral,Artery, Cerebral,Cerebral Artery
D002543	Cerebral Hemorrhage	Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebrum,Brain Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhage,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhages,Cerebral Hemorrhages,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhages,Cerebrum Hemorrhage,Cerebrum Hemorrhages,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhage, Intracerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhages, Cerebrum,Hemorrhages, Intracerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhages,Parenchymal Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Parenchymal Hemorrhages, Cerebral