Biomaterial Database

Adrenal medullary secretion with splanchnic stimulation in spinal cats. 1992

S L Stoddard, and G M Tyce, and J A Cook, and D M Gaumann, and T L Yaksh

Department of Anatomy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne 46805.

This project was undertaken to determine whether previously observed adrenal medullary hyperactivity that developed following high spinal cord transection in the cat could be explained by increased sensitivity of the synapse between the splanchnic nerve and chromaffin cell. The splanchnic nerve was stimulated in acute (2-3 h; n = 7) or chronic (61-64 days; n = 7), spinally transected (T3) cats that were decerebrate and unanesthetized. Mean arterial blood pressure and adrenolumbar venous blood flow were significantly greater in the chronic animals. Stimulation (30 V; 1 ms pulses) was applied at 3 Hz and 30 Hz to deliver the same number of pulses within 3 min. Adrenal medullary secretion (ng/min) of epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine, neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Met]enkephalin (ENK), and encrypted [Met]enkephalin was determined at baseline and in relation to both patterns of stimulation. With near threshold (3 Hz) stimulation, the following differences were observed between groups: (1) secretion of EPI, NPY, and ENK was significantly greater in the chronic than in the acute animals; and (2) preferential secretion of NE was elicited in the acute animals. These observations suggest that there may be some facilitation of the splanchnic nerve--chromaffin cell synapse that occurs over time following high thoracic spinal cord transection. However, it is likely that central, spinal mechanisms also contribute to adrenal medullary hyperactivity.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009478	Neuropeptide Y	A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	Neuropeptide Y-Like Immunoreactive Peptide,Neuropeptide Tyrosine,Neuropeptide Y Like Immunoreactive Peptide,Tyrosine, Neuropeptide
D012039	Regional Blood Flow	The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.	Blood Flow, Regional,Blood Flows, Regional,Flow, Regional Blood,Flows, Regional Blood,Regional Blood Flows
D002395	Catecholamines	A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from TYROSINE.	Catecholamine,Sympathin,Sympathins
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D003655	Decerebrate State	A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)	Decerebrate Posturing,Decorticate Rigidity,Decorticate State,Rigidity, Decerebrate,Rigidity, Decorticate,Decerebrate Posturings,Decerebrate Rigidity,Decerebrate States,Decorticate Rigidities,Decorticate States,Posturing, Decerebrate,Posturings, Decerebrate,Rigidities, Decorticate,State, Decerebrate,States, Decerebrate
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D004744	Enkephalin, Methionine	One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	Methionine Enkephalin,5-Methionine Enkephalin,Met(5)-Enkephalin,Met-Enkephalin,5 Methionine Enkephalin,Enkephalin, 5-Methionine,Met Enkephalin
D005260	Female		Females
D006439	Hemodynamics	The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.	Hemodynamic