Biomaterial Database

Antagonistic combinations of occupational carcinogens. 2006

Hugo W Ruediger

Division of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. hugo.ruediger@meduniwien.ac.at

Several epidemiological and experimental studies demonstrate that combinations of carcinogens may interact in a synergistic way. This has prompted speculations that modulating interactions of individual chemical carcinogens are synergistic as a rule. However, various combinations of chemical carcinogens have been described which interact not even additively but in an antagonistic way. The aim of this review is to collect information of antagonistic interactions of occupational carcinogens obtained by epidemiologic and animal studies. In addition, appropriate in vitro studies with the genotoxic endpoints DNA-adducts and micronuclei are included. The toxicological mechanisms of antagonistic interactions, although speculative in some cases, are discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008748	Methylcholanthrene	A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.	20-Methylcholanthrene,3-Methylcholanthrene,20 Methylcholanthrene,3 Methylcholanthrene
D002273	Carcinogens	Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.	Carcinogen,Oncogen,Oncogens,Tumor Initiator,Tumor Initiators,Tumor Promoter,Tumor Promoters,Initiator, Tumor,Initiators, Tumor,Promoter, Tumor,Promoters, Tumor
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001151	Arsenic	A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Arsenic-75,Arsenic 75
D012907	Smoking	Willful or deliberate act of inhaling and exhaling SMOKE from burning substances or agents held by hand.	Smoking Behaviors,Smoking Habit,Behavior, Smoking,Behaviors, Smoking,Habit, Smoking,Habits, Smoking,Smoking Behavior,Smoking Habits
D014481	United States	A country in NORTH AMERICA between CANADA and MEXICO.
D016273	Occupational Exposure	The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.	Exposure, Occupational,Exposures, Occupational,Occupational Exposures
D016588	Anticarcinogenic Agents	Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.	Anti-Carcinogenic Agents,Anti-Carcinogenic Drugs,Anti-Carcinogenic Effect,Anti-Carcinogenic Effects,Anticarcinogenic Drugs,Anticarcinogenic Effect,Anticarcinogenic Effects,Anticarcinogens,Agents, Anti-Carcinogenic,Agents, Anticarcinogenic,Anti Carcinogenic Agents,Anti Carcinogenic Drugs,Anti Carcinogenic Effect,Anti Carcinogenic Effects,Drugs, Anti-Carcinogenic,Drugs, Anticarcinogenic,Effect, Anti-Carcinogenic,Effect, Anticarcinogenic,Effects, Anti-Carcinogenic,Effects, Anticarcinogenic