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Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. 2005
James E Galagan, and
Sarah E Calvo, and
Christina Cuomo, and
Li-Jun Ma, and
Jennifer R Wortman, and
Serafim Batzoglou, and
Su-In Lee, and
Meray Baştürkmen, and
Christina C Spevak, and
John Clutterbuck, and
Vladimir Kapitonov, and
Jerzy Jurka, and
Claudio Scazzocchio, and
Mark Farman, and
Jonathan Butler, and
Seth Purcell, and
Steve Harris, and
Gerhard H Braus, and
Oliver Draht, and
Silke Busch, and
Christophe D'Enfert, and
Christiane Bouchier, and
Gustavo H Goldman, and
Deborah Bell-Pedersen, and
Sam Griffiths-Jones, and
John H Doonan, and
Jaehyuk Yu, and
Kay Vienken, and
Arnab Pain, and
Michael Freitag, and
Eric U Selker, and
David B Archer, and
Miguel A Peñalva, and
Berl R Oakley, and
Michelle Momany, and
Toshihiro Tanaka, and
Toshitaka Kumagai, and
Kiyoshi Asai, and
Masayuki Machida, and
William C Nierman, and
David W Denning, and
Mark Caddick, and
Michael Hynes, and
Mathieu Paoletti, and
Reinhard Fischer, and
Bruce Miller, and
Paul Dyer, and
Matthew S Sachs, and
Stephen A Osmani, and
Bruce W Birren
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
The aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of the model organism Aspergillus nidulans, and a comparative study with Aspergillus fumigatus, a serious human pathogen, and Aspergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake, miso and soy sauce. Our analysis of genome structure provided a quantitative evaluation of forces driving long-term eukaryotic genome evolution. It also led to an experimentally validated model of mating-type locus evolution, suggesting the potential for sexual reproduction in A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Our analysis of sequence conservation revealed over 5,000 non-coding regions actively conserved across all three species. Within these regions, we identified potential functional elements including a previously uncharacterized TPP riboswitch and motifs suggesting regulation in filamentous fungi by Puf family genes. We further obtained comparative and experimental evidence indicating widespread translational regulation by upstream open reading frames. These results enhance our understanding of these widely studied fungi as well as provide new insight into eukaryotic genome evolution and gene regulation.
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Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme,
