The objective of this study was to identify rams exhibiting high (HP) and low (LP) levels of sexual performance and to determine whether their respective behavioral responses to ewes in estrus were related to changes in serum testosterone (T) and LH concentrations. Rams were selected on the basis of standardized serving capacity tests. Plasma T and LH concentrations in rams were measured in three experiments: 1) after 15 min of exposure to estrous ewes, 2) after an injection of 500 ng of LHRH, and 3) during an 11-h exposure to estrous ewes. During 15 min of exposure to ewes, HP rams were sexually active, whereas LP rams showed no sexual interest. Secretion of LH was similar (P greater than .05) between ram groups. Sexual arousal, copulation, and ejaculation of HP males were not related (P greater than .05) to LH secretion. Exposure to estrous ewes for 11 h, however, stimulated LH pulse frequency and elevated basal LH and T concentrations in HP but not LP rams (P less than .001). Luteinizing hormone secretion was positively correlated to the frequency of mounts (r = .19; P less than .01) and ejaculation (r = .17; P less than .03). Aggressive behavior of rams directed at ewes was negatively correlated to LH (r = -.22 P less than .003). Concentrations of LH and T after LHRH injection were similar between HP and LP rams (P greater than .05). These results show that the effects of the ewe on LH secretion of rams depend on length of the exposure period and sexual activity of the male.