This supplement is intended to provide a specialized forum to overview new information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and outcomes of women with suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD). Led by Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study investigators and other experts, the scientific summaries contained in this supplement will permit sharing of current knowledge about this important clinical problem. Improved understanding in these areas will advance the prevention and treatment of IHD in women. These comments by the investigators and experts, as well as those from a recent National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute consensus conference, should also provide direction for future studies in this critical area.