Protective effects of melatonin on gamma-ray induced intestinal damage. 2005

Manami Monobe, and Makiko Hino, and Mariko Sumi, and Akiko Uzawa, and Ryoichi Hirayama, and Koichi Ando, and Shuji Kojima
Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, Japan. monobe@affrc.go.jp

OBJECTIVE To examine the protective effects of melatonin on intestinal damage induced by gamma-rays. METHODS Six-week-old Slc:ICR male mice were used. Mice were given whole-body irradiation at various exposure doses (7-21 Gy) with (137)Cs gamma-rays (0.98 Gy/min). The mice were orally administered 1 ml of either 1% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) or melatonin (1, 5, 10 or 20 mg/ml) freshly prepared as a uniform suspension in CMC before or after irradiation. The concentrations of plasma melatonin were determined by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The mice were killed at 3.5 days after the exposure. The jejunum was removed, fixed in formalin and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The numbers of crypts per transverse circumference were counted using a microscope for 10 histological sections of each mouse. RESULTS The intestinal damage caused by gamma-ray irradiation was prevented by melatonin correlating to dosage. The D(0) (slope of the dose-survival curve) value significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 1.55 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SD) Gy to 1.98 +/- 0.16 Gy by orally administering 20 mg melatonin 30 min before irradiation. The radioprotective effect of melatonin continued for 6 h after the administration. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin is judged to be a potential protector against intestinal damage associated with radiotherapy. Further experimental and clinical studies on this subject are needed to allow its use for radiotherapy.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007583 Jejunum The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum. Jejunums
D008297 Male Males
D008550 Melatonin A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.
D008813 Mice, Inbred ICR An inbred strain of mouse that is used as a general purpose research strain, for therapeutic drug testing, and for the genetic analysis of CARCINOGEN-induced COLON CANCER. Mice, Inbred ICRC,Mice, ICR,Mouse, ICR,Mouse, Inbred ICR,Mouse, Inbred ICRC,ICR Mice,ICR Mice, Inbred,ICR Mouse,ICR Mouse, Inbred,ICRC Mice, Inbred,ICRC Mouse, Inbred,Inbred ICR Mice,Inbred ICR Mouse,Inbred ICRC Mice,Inbred ICRC Mouse
D011832 Radiation Injuries Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES. Radiation Sickness,Radiation Syndrome,Injuries, Radiation,Injury, Radiation,Radiation Injury,Radiation Sicknesses,Radiation Syndromes,Sickness, Radiation,Sicknesses, Radiation,Syndrome, Radiation,Syndromes, Radiation
D011837 Radiation-Protective Agents Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other purposes, e.g. military. Radiation Protectant,Radiation Protective Agent,Radiation-Protective Agent,Radiation-Protective Drug,Radioprotective Agent,Radioprotective Agents,Radioprotective Drug,Agents, Radiation-Protective,Radiation Protectants,Radiation Protective Agents,Radiation-Protective Drugs,Radiation-Protective Effect,Radiation-Protective Effects,Radioprotective Drugs,Agent, Radiation Protective,Agent, Radiation-Protective,Agent, Radioprotective,Agents, Radiation Protective,Agents, Radioprotective,Drug, Radiation-Protective,Drug, Radioprotective,Drugs, Radiation-Protective,Drugs, Radioprotective,Effect, Radiation-Protective,Effects, Radiation-Protective,Protectant, Radiation,Protectants, Radiation,Protective Agent, Radiation,Protective Agents, Radiation,Radiation Protective Drug,Radiation Protective Drugs,Radiation Protective Effect,Radiation Protective Effects
D005720 Gamma Rays Penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei during NUCLEAR DECAY. The range of wavelengths of emitted radiation is between 0.1 - 100 pm which overlaps the shorter, more energetic hard X-RAYS wavelengths. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source. Gamma Wave,Gamma Radiation,Nuclear X-Rays,Radiation, Gamma,X-Rays, Nuclear,Gamma Radiations,Gamma Ray,Gamma Waves,Nuclear X Rays,Nuclear X-Ray,Ray, Gamma,Wave, Gamma,Waves, Gamma,X Rays, Nuclear,X-Ray, Nuclear
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014916 Whole-Body Irradiation Irradiation of the whole body with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. It is applicable to humans or animals but not to microorganisms. Radiation, Whole-Body,Total Body Irradiation,Irradiation, Total Body,Irradiation, Whole-Body,Whole-Body Radiation,Irradiation, Whole Body,Irradiations, Total Body,Irradiations, Whole-Body,Radiation, Whole Body,Radiations, Whole-Body,Total Body Irradiations,Whole Body Irradiation,Whole Body Radiation,Whole-Body Irradiations,Whole-Body Radiations
D016896 Treatment Outcome Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series. Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes

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