A1 subunit-mediated regulation of thrombin-activated factor VIII A2 subunit dissociation. 2006

Ernest T Parker, and Christopher B Doering, and Pete Lollar
Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.

Factor VIII (fVIII) is the plasma protein that is missing or deficient in hemophilia A. In contrast, elevated levels of fVIII are associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thrombosis. fVIII is activated by thrombin to form a non-covalently linked A1/A2/A3-C1-C2 heterotrimer. At physiological concentrations, fVIIIa decays as a result of A2 subunit dissociation, which may help regulate the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. A2 subunit dissociation is faster in human fVIIIa than in porcine fVIIIa, which may represent an evolutionary adaptation associated with the development of the upright posture and venous stasis in the lower extremities. To investigate the basis for the different decay kinetics of human and porcine fVIIIa, hybrid fVIII molecules representing all possible combinations of human and porcine A domains were isolated. The kinetics of fVIIIa decay were measured and fit to a model describing a reversible bimolecular reaction in which the dissociation rate constant, k, and dissociation constant, Kd, were the fitted parameters. Substitution of the porcine A1 domain into human fVIIIa produced a dissociation rate constant indistinguishable from porcine fVIIIa. Subsequently, substitution of the second cupredoxin-like A1 subdomain resulted in a dissociation rate constant similar to porcine fVIIIa, whereas substitution of the first cupredoxin-like A1 subdomain resulted in a dissociation rate constant intermediate between human and porcine fVIIIa. We propose that cupredoxin-like A1 subdomains in fVIII contain inter-species differences that are a result of selective pressure on the dissociation rate constant.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008956 Models, Chemical Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Chemical Models,Chemical Model,Model, Chemical
D011485 Protein Binding The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments. Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D011994 Recombinant Proteins Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Biosynthetic Protein,Biosynthetic Proteins,DNA Recombinant Proteins,Recombinant Protein,Proteins, Biosynthetic,Proteins, Recombinant DNA,DNA Proteins, Recombinant,Protein, Biosynthetic,Protein, Recombinant,Proteins, DNA Recombinant,Proteins, Recombinant,Recombinant DNA Proteins,Recombinant Proteins, DNA
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012306 Risk The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome. Relative Risk,Relative Risks,Risk, Relative,Risks,Risks, Relative
D013045 Species Specificity The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species. Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species
D013552 Swine Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA). Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D013696 Temperature The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms. Temperatures

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