Biomaterial Database

Specific immunity and nonspecific resistance to infection: listeria, protozoa, and viruses in mice and hamsters,. 1975

J K Frenkel, and S A Caldwell

Specific immunity developed by mice against protozoan (Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia jellisoni) and bacterial (Listeria monocytogenes) infections was compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections. The results indicated that homologous immunity protected mice from more than 10-5 LD50 of T. gondii or B. jellisoni, but from only 10-2 LD50 of L. monocytogenes. Heterospecific protection among these organisms was for 10-0.4 minus 10-1.2 LD50. In studies in hamsters specific immunity to protozoan (T. gondii and B. jellisoni) and viral (equine Herpesvirus type 1 and Oriboca virus) infections was compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections with several heterospecific agents: T. gondii; B. jellison; equine Herpesvirus type 1; Oriboca, Ossa, vesicular stomatitis, yellow fever, and Newcastle disease viruses; L. monocytogenes; and the bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results indicated that homologous immunity in hamsters was effective against 10-6 minus 10-7 LD50 of T. gondii, B. jellisoni, equine Herpesvirus type 1, or Oriboca virus. Prior infection with Newcastle disease virus protected (probably by interferon induction) against 10-3 LD50 of equine Herpesvirus type 1. Heterospecific protection among other agents was for less than 10 LD50. This insignificant heterospecific protection in infections in which cellular immunity plays a role suggests that both the induction phase and the expression phase are specific.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007109	Immunity	Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.	Immune Process,Immune Response,Immune Processes,Immune Responses,Process, Immune,Response, Immune
D007110	Immunity, Active	Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, either after exposure to the disease or after vaccination.	Active Immune Response,Active Immune Responses,Active Immunities,Active Immunity,Immune Response, Active,Immune Responses, Active,Immunities, Active,Response, Active Immune,Responses, Active Immune
D007111	Immunity, Cellular	Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.	Cell-Mediated Immunity,Cellular Immune Response,Cell Mediated Immunity,Cell-Mediated Immunities,Cellular Immune Responses,Cellular Immunities,Cellular Immunity,Immune Response, Cellular,Immune Responses, Cellular,Immunities, Cell-Mediated,Immunities, Cellular,Immunity, Cell-Mediated,Response, Cellular Immune
D008088	Listeriosis	Infections with bacteria of the genus LISTERIA.	Listeria Infections,Infections, Listeria,Infection, Listeria,Listeria Infection,Listerioses
D008089	Listeria monocytogenes	A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.
D009522	Newcastle disease virus	The most well known avian paramyxovirus in the genus AVULAVIRUS and the cause of a highly infectious pneumoencephalitis in fowl. It is also reported to cause CONJUNCTIVITIS in humans. Transmission is by droplet inhalation or ingestion of contaminated water or food.	Avian Paramyxovirus 1,Paramyxovirus 1, Avian
D011528	Protozoan Infections	Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa.	Histomoniasis,Infections, Protozoan,Histomoniases,Infection, Protozoan,Protozoan Infection
D005260	Female		Females
D006224	Cricetinae	A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.	Cricetus,Hamsters,Hamster
D006564	Herpesviridae	A family of enveloped, linear, double-stranded DNA viruses infecting a wide variety of animals. Subfamilies, based on biological characteristics, include: ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE; BETAHERPESVIRINAE; and GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE.	Mouse Thymic Virus,Murid herpesvirus 3,Thymic Group Viruses,Herpesviruses,Mouse Thymic Viruses,Thymic Virus, Mouse,Thymic Viruses, Mouse