Nitric oxide-dependent long-term potentiation revealed by real-time imaging of nitric oxide production and neuronal excitation in the dorsal horn of rat spinal cord slices. 2006

Hiroshi Ikeda, and Kei Kusudo, and Kazuyuki Murase
Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.

Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be involved in the central mechanism of hyperalgesia and allodynia at the spinal level. Recently, we reported that NO played an important role in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength in spinal dorsal horn, which is believed to underlie hyperalgesia and allodynia. In this study, to elucidate the relationship of NO to LTP in spinal dorsal horn, we measured the spatiotemporal distribution of NO signal with the NO-sensitive dye, DAR-4M, and neuronal excitation with the voltage-sensitive dye, RH482, in rat spinal cord slices, elicited by dorsal root stimulation. In superficial dorsal horn, neuronal excitation evoked by C fiber-activating dorsal root stimulation was potentiated for more than 2 h after low-frequency conditioning stimulation (LFS, 240 pulses at 2 Hz for 2 min). In the same slices that exhibited LTP, NO was produced and distributed in the superficial dorsal horn during the delivery of LFS, and the amplitude of LTP and amount of NO production showed close correlation from slice to slice. LTP and production of NO were inhibited in the presence of the NO synthase inhibitors and an inhibitor of heme oxygenase, the synthetic enzyme for carbon monoxide (CO). These results suggest that production and distribution of NO is necessary for the induction of LTP in spinal dorsal horn, and that CO contributes to the LTP induction and NO production by LFS.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009474 Neurons The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM. Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D009569 Nitric Oxide A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP. Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D005456 Fluorescent Dyes Chemicals that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. Flourescent Agent,Fluorescent Dye,Fluorescent Probe,Fluorescent Probes,Fluorochrome,Fluorochromes,Fluorogenic Substrates,Fluorescence Agents,Fluorescent Agents,Fluorogenic Substrate,Agents, Fluorescence,Agents, Fluorescent,Dyes, Fluorescent,Probes, Fluorescent,Substrates, Fluorogenic
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012235 Rhodamines A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry. Rhodamine
D017208 Rats, Wistar A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain. Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats
D017774 Long-Term Potentiation A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory. Long Term Potentiation,Long-Term Potentiations,Potentiation, Long-Term,Potentiations, Long-Term
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D020671 Posterior Horn Cells Neurons in the SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the WHITE MATTER ascending and descending longitudinal fibers. Dorsal Horn Cells,Dorsal Horn Neurons,Neurons, Dorsal Horn,Neurons, Posterior Horn,Cell, Dorsal Horn,Cell, Posterior Horn,Cells, Dorsal Horn,Cells, Posterior Horn,Dorsal Horn Cell,Dorsal Horn Neuron,Neuron, Dorsal Horn,Neuron, Posterior Horn,Posterior Horn Cell,Posterior Horn Neuron,Posterior Horn Neurons
D066298 In Vitro Techniques Methods to study reactions or processes taking place in an artificial environment outside the living organism. In Vitro Test,In Vitro Testing,In Vitro Tests,In Vitro as Topic,In Vitro,In Vitro Technique,In Vitro Testings,Technique, In Vitro,Techniques, In Vitro,Test, In Vitro,Testing, In Vitro,Testings, In Vitro,Tests, In Vitro,Vitro Testing, In

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