Effect of natural windbreaks on drift reduction in orchard spraying. 2005

M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
Wageningen University & Research Centre - Applied Plant Research, Research Unit Fruit, P.O. Box 200, NL-6670 AE Zetten, The Netherlands. marcel.wenneker@wur.nl

In the Netherlands windbreaks are commonly grown to protect orchards against wind damage and to improve micro-climate. Natural windbreaks of broad-leaved trees can also reduce the risk of surface water contamination caused by spray drift during orchard spraying. Spray drift from pesticide applications is a major concern in the Netherlands, especially drift into water courses. So far, several drift reducing measures have been accepted by water quality control organisations and the Board for the Authorization of Pesticides (CTB), e.g. presence of a windbreak (i.e. 70% drift reduction at early season and 90% drift reduction at full leaf, respectively before and after first of May). From the experiments it was concluded that the risk of drift contamination is high during the early developmental stages of the growing season. The 70% drift reduction at early season as determined in previous experiments, appears to be valid only for windbreaks with a certain degree of developed leaves. At full leaf stage 80-90% drift reduction by the windbreak was measured. The use of evergreen windbreaks or wind-break species that develop in early season can reduce the risk of drift contamination considerably. Also, the combination of drift reducing methods, such as one-sided spraying of the last tree row and a windbreak is an effective method to reduce spray drift in the Netherlands in early season.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009426 Netherlands Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Holland,Kingdom of the Netherlands
D010575 Pesticides Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc. Pesticide
D000383 Agriculture The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock. Agronomy,Agricultural Development,Farming,Agronomies,Development, Agricultural
D000393 Air Pollutants Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or materials. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS. Air Pollutant,Air Pollutants, Environmental,Environmental Air Pollutants,Environmental Pollutants, Air,Air Environmental Pollutants,Pollutant, Air,Pollutants, Air,Pollutants, Air Environmental,Pollutants, Environmental Air
D012621 Seasons Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Seasonal Variation,Season,Seasonal Variations,Variation, Seasonal,Variations, Seasonal
D014197 Trees Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches. Tree
D014874 Water Pollutants, Chemical Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water. Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D014919 Wind The motion of air relative to the earth's surface. Winds

Related Publications

M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
August 2001, Pest management science,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
October 1964, Science (New York, N.Y.),
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
January 2013, PloS one,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
December 1982, Journal of economic entomology,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
December 1977, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
December 1988, Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
January 2005, Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
January 2000, Environmental health perspectives,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
January 2022, Frontiers in plant science,
M Wenneker, and B Heijne, and J C van de Zande
June 2017, Chemosphere,
Copied contents to your clipboard!