Cortisol metabolism in the Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis). 2006

Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
Department of Comparative Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA. jscammel@jaguar1.usouthal.edu

New World squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) have high circulating cortisol levels but normal electrolytes and blood pressures. The goal of the present study was to gain insight into adaptive mechanisms used by Bolivian squirrel monkeys to minimize the effects of high cortisol on mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activity and electrolyte and water balance. Aldosterone levels in serum from 10 squirrel monkeys were 17.7 +/- 3.4 ng/dl (normal range in humans, 4 to 31 ng/dl), suggesting that squirrel monkeys do not exhibit a compensatory increase in aldosterone. The squirrel monkey MR was cloned and expressed in COS-7 cells and found to have similar responsiveness to cortisol and aldosterone as human MR, suggesting that squirrel monkey MR is not inherently less responsive to cortisol. To determine whether altered metabolism of cortisol might contribute to MR protection in squirrel monkeys, serum and urinary cortisol and cortisone were measured, and a comprehensive urinary corticosteroid metabolite profile was performed in samples from anesthetized and awake squirrel monkeys. The levels of cortisone exceeded those of cortisol in serum and urine, suggesting increased peripheral 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 activity in squirrel monkeys. In addition, a significant fraction (approximately 20%) of total corticosteroids excreted in the urine of squirrel monkeys appeared as 6beta-hydroxycortisol, compared with that in man (1%). Therefore, changes in cortisol metabolism likely contribute to adaptive mechanisms used by Bolivian squirrel monkeys to minimize effects of high cortisol.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D002522 Chlorocebus aethiops A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research. African Green Monkey,Cercopithecus aethiops,Cercopithecus griseoviridis,Cercopithecus griseus,Cercopithecus pygerythrus,Cercopithecus sabeus,Cercopithecus tantalus,Chlorocebus cynosuros,Chlorocebus cynosurus,Chlorocebus pygerythrus,Green Monkey,Grivet Monkey,Lasiopyga weidholzi,Malbrouck,Malbrouck Monkey,Monkey, African Green,Monkey, Green,Monkey, Grivet,Monkey, Vervet,Savanah Monkey,Vervet Monkey,Savannah Monkey,African Green Monkey,Chlorocebus cynosuro,Green Monkey, African,Green Monkeys,Grivet Monkeys,Malbrouck Monkeys,Malbroucks,Monkey, Malbrouck,Monkey, Savanah,Monkey, Savannah,Savannah Monkeys,Vervet Monkeys
D003001 Cloning, Molecular The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. Molecular Cloning
D003348 Cortisone A naturally occurring glucocorticoid that has been used in replacement therapy for ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive; it is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726) 17-Hydroxy-3,11,20-trioxopregn-4-en-21-yl acetate,Adreson,Cortisone Acetate,Cortone Acetate
D006854 Hydrocortisone The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Cortef,Cortisol,Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-, (11beta)-,11-Epicortisol,Cortifair,Cortril,Epicortisol,Hydrocortisone, (11 alpha)-Isomer,Hydrocortisone, (9 beta,10 alpha,11 alpha)-Isomer,11 Epicortisol
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012453 Saimiri A genus of the family CEBIDAE consisting of four species: S. boliviensis, S. orstedii (red-backed squirrel monkey), S. sciureus (common squirrel monkey), and S. ustus. They inhabit tropical rain forests in Central and South America. S. sciureus is used extensively in research studies. Monkey, Squirrel,Squirrel Monkey,Monkeys, Squirrel,Saimirus,Squirrel Monkeys
D016645 Aotidae A family of the New World monkeys inhabiting the forests of South and Central America. There is a single genus (Aotus) and several species occurring in this family, including AOTUS TRIVIRGATUS (Northern night monkeys). Aotus,Douroucouli,Monkey, Night,Monkey, Owl,Night Monkey,Owl Monkey,Aotinae,Night Monkeys,Owl Monkeys
D018161 Receptors, Mineralocorticoid Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind MINERALOCORTICOIDS and mediate their cellular effects. The receptor with its bound ligand acts in the nucleus to induce transcription of specific segments of DNA. Mineralocorticoid Receptors,Aldosterone Receptor,Aldosterone Receptors,Corticoid I Receptor,Corticoid Type I Receptors,Mineralocorticoid Receptor,Receptors, Aldosterone,Receptors, Corticoid I,Receptors, Corticoid Type I,Receptors, Mineralocorticoids,Corticoid I Receptors,Mineralocorticoids Receptors,Receptor, Aldosterone,Receptor, Corticoid I,Receptor, Mineralocorticoid

Related Publications

Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
January 1994, American journal of primatology,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
May 1986, The Journal of protozoology,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
August 1998, Laboratory animal science,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
April 1991, Biology of reproduction,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
January 1999, American journal of primatology,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
January 2008, American journal of primatology,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
February 2018, Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983),
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
March 2017, The Journal of veterinary medical science,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
July 1987, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,
Jonathan G Scammell, and Jenne M Westberry, and Patti W Sadosky, and Tina R Hubler, and Lawrence E Williams, and Susan V Gibson, and Ravinder J Singh, and Robert L Taylor, and Cedric H L Shackleton
November 2020, Developmental psychobiology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!