BACKGROUND Mandible advancement osteotomy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients for class II anterior open-bite malocclusion is controversial; however, there is no literature discussing outcomes of surgery in this group of patients. An evaluation of such outcomes was undertaken at The Hospital for Sick Children. METHODS A retrospective chart review revealed that eight patients with juvenile arthritis underwent orthognathic surgery during a period of 5 years. All of the patients had a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible, six had a simultaneous Le Fort I osteotomy, and four had an additional advancement genioplasty. The age of the patients at the time of surgery ranged between 17 and 22 years (mean, 18 years), with three male patients and five female patients. The patients were under follow-up for a minimum of 8 months after surgery, and measurements were performed studying preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalometric radiographs. RESULTS All patients have an improved occlusion and improved facial aesthetics. One patient continued to suffer from temporomandibular joint pain. The mean mandible advancement was 9.6 mm (range, 3.9 to 18.3 mm). The mean mandible relapse after surgery was 2.1 mm (range, 1 to 3.1 mm). No exacerbation of the juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was encountered as a result of the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS Orthognathic surgery in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients improves the patient's occlusion, facial aesthetics, and therefore quality of life. The relapse rate postoperatively did not significantly affect the clinical outcome, and the authors recommend orthognathic surgery for this patient population. Future presurgical plans in this patient population will include a small posterior open bite and positioning the incisors edge to edge to allow for some postoperative relapse.