Progestogen pretreatment and introduction of rams were used to prepare 432 Rasa aragonesa ewes for synchronization of estrus with prostaglandin (PG) during anestrus. The experiment was a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial with lactation status, ram/progestogen treatment and treatment with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG; 250 IU) at injection of PG as main effects. At ram introduction (Day 0), ewes were dry (Group 1), weaned (Group 2) or suckling a lamb (Group 3). They received either norgestomet implants for 12 d (Days -12 to Day 0 (Group A), ram introduction for 12 d (Days 0 to 12) (Group B) or both (Group C). Half the ewes received PMSG with PG (100 mug Cloprostenol) on Day 12. Pregnancy rate was higher at first service in dry (Group 1; 42%) than in recently-weaned ewes (Group 3; 24% and Group 2; 31%; P<0.01). Occurrence of estrus and conception and pregnancy rates to first service were higher (P<0.01) in ewes previously exposed to rams (Groups B and C) than in ewes treated only with progestogen (Group A). There were no effects of PMSG, no interactions among the three variables and no differences in prolificacy (1.12 at first service).