Microwave-assisted extraction of coumarin and related compounds from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas as an alternative to Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction. 2006

Emanuela Martino, and Ilaria Ramaiola, and Mariangela Urbano, and Francesco Bracco, and Simona Collina
Department of Territorial Ecology and Enviroment University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio, 14-27100 Pavia, Italy.

Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) and microwaves-assisted extraction (MAE) in closed system have been investigated to determine the content of coumarin, o-coumaric and melilotic acids in flowering tops of Melilotus officinalis. The extracts were analyzed with an appropriate HPLC procedure. The reproducibility of extraction and of chromatographic analysis was proved. Taking into account the extraction yield, the cost and the time, we studied the effects of extraction variables on the yield of the above-mentioned compounds. Better results were obtained with MAE (50% v/v aqueous ethanol, two heating cycles of 5 min, 50 degrees C). On the basis of the ratio extraction yield/extraction time, we therefore propose MAE as the most efficient method.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008872 Microwaves That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UHF (ultrahigh frequency) radio waves and extending into the INFRARED RAYS frequencies. EHF Waves,Extremely High Frequency Radio Waves,Micro Wave,Micro Waves,Ultrahigh Frequency Waves,Microwave Radiation,EHF Wave,Micro Waves,Microwave,Microwave Radiations,Radiation, Microwave,Ultrahigh Frequency Wave,Wave, EHF,Wave, Micro,Wave, Ultrahigh Frequency,Waves, Micro
D010936 Plant Extracts Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard. Herbal Medicines,Plant Extract,Extract, Plant,Extracts, Plant,Medicines, Herbal
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D003374 Coumarins Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid. 1,2-Benzopyrone Derivatives,1,2-Benzopyrones,Coumarin Derivative,Coumarine,1,2-Benzo-Pyrones,Benzopyran-2-ones,Coumarin Derivatives,Coumarines,1,2 Benzo Pyrones,1,2 Benzopyrone Derivatives,1,2 Benzopyrones,Benzopyran 2 ones,Derivative, Coumarin,Derivatives, 1,2-Benzopyrone,Derivatives, Coumarin
D014465 Ultrasonics A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues. Ultrasonic
D029903 Melilotus A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Molded yellow sweet clover hay, in which the coumarin of sweet clover is converted to DICOUMAROL, is the causative agent of a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle - "hemorrhagic sweet clover disease" and featured in the history of anticoagulant drug development. Clover, Sweet,Sweet Clover,Common Melilot,Field Melilot,Melilotus officinalis,Yellow Sweet Clover,Yellow Sweetclover,Clover, Yellow Sweet,Clovers, Sweet,Clovers, Yellow Sweet,Common Melilots,Field Melilots,Melilot, Common,Melilot, Field,Melilots, Common,Melilots, Field,Sweet Clover, Yellow,Sweet Clovers,Sweet Clovers, Yellow,Sweetclover, Yellow,Sweetclovers, Yellow,Yellow Sweet Clovers,Yellow Sweetclovers
D035264 Flowers The reproductive organs of plants. Blooms, Plant,Blossoms,Pistil,Plant Style,Anther, Plant,Carpal, Plant,Carpals, Plant,Filament, Flower,Flower Filament,Ovary, Plant,Petals, Plant,Plant Anther,Plant Calyx,Plant Carpals,Plant Corolla,Plant Ovary,Plant Petals,Plant Sepals,Plant Stamen,Plant Stigma,Sepals, Plant,Stamen, Plant,Stigma, Plant,Style, Plant,Anthers, Plant,Bloom, Plant,Blossom,Calyx, Plant,Calyxs, Plant,Corolla, Plant,Corollas, Plant,Filaments, Flower,Flower,Flower Filaments,Ovaries, Plant,Petal, Plant,Pistils,Plant Anthers,Plant Bloom,Plant Blooms,Plant Calyxs,Plant Carpal,Plant Corollas,Plant Ovaries,Plant Petal,Plant Sepal,Plant Stamens,Plant Stigmas,Plant Styles,Sepal, Plant,Stamens, Plant,Stigmas, Plant,Styles, Plant

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