Staging of esophageal carcinoma: endoscopic ultrasonography. 2005

Pietro Familiari, and Michele Marchese, and Alberto Larghi, and Cristiano Spada, and Guido Costamagna
Scuola di Specializzazione in Chirurgia Generale, Università di Messina Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia d'Urgenza e dei Trapianti D'Organo, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy. pietrofamiliari@tiscali.it

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has gained ground in the staging of esophageal cancer because of its high accuracy in determining depth of tumor invasion (greater than 80%) and lymph node metastases. The accuracy of EUS increases with increasing stage. However within T1 tumors, EUS performance in distinguishing mucosal (T1m) form submucosal invasion (T1sm) is poor. In this context high-frequency ultrasonography probes can play a major role. The advent of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has dramatically changed the impact of EUS on nodal staging, providing cytological confirmation of malignancy from peritumoral and celiac lymph nodes. Especially celiac node metastases, have a major clinical impact on patient management. Widespread use of EUS in the staging of esophageal cancer should be encouraged. However, EUS should not be considered as first line test for evaluation of these patients and should always be performed after negative CT or PET/CT.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008207 Lymphatic Metastasis Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. Lymph Node Metastasis,Lymph Node Metastases,Lymphatic Metastases,Metastasis, Lymph Node
D009361 Neoplasm Invasiveness Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue. Invasiveness, Neoplasm,Neoplasm Invasion,Invasion, Neoplasm
D009367 Neoplasm Staging Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient. Cancer Staging,Staging, Neoplasm,Tumor Staging,TNM Classification,TNM Staging,TNM Staging System,Classification, TNM,Classifications, TNM,Staging System, TNM,Staging Systems, TNM,Staging, Cancer,Staging, TNM,Staging, Tumor,System, TNM Staging,Systems, TNM Staging,TNM Classifications,TNM Staging Systems
D004938 Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. Cancer of Esophagus,Esophageal Cancer,Cancer of the Esophagus,Esophagus Cancer,Esophagus Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Esophageal,Cancer, Esophageal,Cancer, Esophagus,Cancers, Esophageal,Cancers, Esophagus,Esophageal Cancers,Esophageal Neoplasm,Esophagus Cancers,Esophagus Neoplasms,Neoplasm, Esophageal,Neoplasm, Esophagus,Neoplasms, Esophagus
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001707 Biopsy, Needle Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed. Aspiration Biopsy,Puncture Biopsy,Aspiration Biopsies,Biopsies, Aspiration,Biopsies, Needle,Biopsies, Puncture,Biopsy, Aspiration,Biopsy, Puncture,Needle Biopsies,Needle Biopsy,Puncture Biopsies
D019160 Endosonography Ultrasonography of internal organs using an ultrasound transducer sometimes mounted on a fiberoptic endoscope. In endosonography the transducer converts electronic signals into acoustic pulses or continuous waves and acts also as a receiver to detect reflected pulses from within the organ. An audiovisual-electronic interface converts the detected or processed echo signals, which pass through the electronics of the instrument, into a form that the technologist can evaluate. The procedure should not be confused with ENDOSCOPY which employs a special instrument called an endoscope. The "endo-" of endosonography refers to the examination of tissue within hollow organs, with reference to the usual ultrasonography procedure which is performed externally or transcutaneously. Echo-Endoscopy,Endoscopic Ultrasonography,Endoscopy, Echo,Endoscopy, Ultrasonic,Ultrasonic Endoscopy,Ultrasonography, Endoscopic,Echo Endoscopies,Echo Endoscopy,Echo-Endoscopies,Endoscopic Ultrasonographies,Endoscopies, Echo,Endoscopies, Ultrasonic,Endosonographies,Ultrasonic Endoscopies,Ultrasonographies, Endoscopic

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