The course of disease in a 64-year-old man with toxocariasis and ocular manifestations of the disease, treated at Departments of Ophthalmology and of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Josip Bencević General Hospital in Slavonski Brod, Croatia, is presented. The patient was hospitalized for bilateral uveitis of unknown etiology. In several days, the patient developed high fever with respiratory tract involvement and hepatomegaly. Worsening of the patient's general condition and laboratory findings of leukocytosis and eosinophilia indicated clinical examinations for parasitosis, in consultation with a specialist for infectious diseases. Specific serologic testing pointed to toxocariasis. The patient's general condition and ophthalmologic status improved in response to specific therapy with anthelmintics and corticosteorids. Toxocariasis is an acute infectious disease that primarily affects animals and less frequently humans. Clinically, toxocariasis manifests as a systemic disease, and on the eye as parasitic posterior uveitis. The disease is caused by the nematodes Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, the species parasitic in the intestine of dogs and cats, respectively. When the parasite eggs reach human intestine, larvae are released and migrate via blood and lymphatic system to the liver, lungs, eyes, and other organs. Considering the mechanism of disease transmission, the potential preventive measures should include treatment and appropriate anthelmintic management of infected animals, and due control of public areas such as public gardens, promenades, playgrounds, along with taking pets for exercise to the sites specially intended for this purpose.