Biomaterial Database

Glutamine-dependent urea synthesis in elasmobranch fishes. 1991

P M Anderson

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota, Duluth 55812.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D002223	Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)	An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and glutamine. This enzyme is important in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines. EC 6.3.5.5.	Carbamyl Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine),Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine),Carbamoylphosphate Synthetase II,Carbamyl Phosphate Synthase II,Carbamyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine),Synthetase II, Carbamoylphosphate
D004284	Dogfish	Sharks of the family Squalidae, also called dogfish sharks. They comprise at least eight genera and 44 species. Their LIVER is valued for its oil and its flesh is often made into fertilizer.	Squalidae,Dogfishes
D005399	Fishes	A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
D005969	Glutamate Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate and water to 2-oxoglutarate and NH3 in the presence of NAD+. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.4.1.2.	Dehydrogenase, Glutamate
D005973	Glutamine	A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.	D-Glutamine,L-Glutamine,D Glutamine,L Glutamine
D005974	Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, L-glutamate, and NH3 to ADP, orthophosphate, and L-glutamine. It also acts more slowly on 4-methylene-L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.3.1.2.	Glutamine Synthetase,Glutamate Ammonia Ligase (ADP),Glutamate Ammonia Ligase,Ligase, Glutamate-Ammonia,Synthetase, Glutamine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001119	Arginase	A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITHINE) and urea. Deficiency of this enzyme causes HYPERARGININEMIA. EC 3.5.3.1.	Arginase A1,Arginase A4,Hepatic Proliferation Inhibitor,Liver Immunoregulatory Protein,Liver-Derived Inhibitory Protein,Liver-Derived Lymphocyte Proliferation Inhibiting Protein,Immunoregulatory Protein, Liver,Inhibitor, Hepatic Proliferation,Inhibitory Protein, Liver-Derived,Liver Derived Inhibitory Protein,Liver Derived Lymphocyte Proliferation Inhibiting Protein,Proliferation Inhibitor, Hepatic,Protein, Liver Immunoregulatory,Protein, Liver-Derived Inhibitory
D014508	Urea	A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.	Basodexan,Carbamide,Carmol